Regions: North America
Western Europe
Central Europe
Eastern Europe
South East Europe
Middle East
Africa
South and South East Asia
East Asia
Australasia
North America
Latin America
228 Results

Survey Articles (Regional)

Regional
Canada
By J. L. Granatstein
The Dominion of Canada automatically went to war in August 1914 when Britain did…
Read more
Regional
Newfoundland
By James K. Hiller, Mike O'Brien
Newfoundland entered the Great War with great enthusiasm, but was unprepared for…
Read more
Regional
United States of America
By Jennifer D. Keene
The American debate over neutrality ended when Woodrow Wilson decided in April 1…
Read more

Regional Thematic Articles

Regional Thematic
African American Soldiers (USA)
By Pellom McDaniels III
The beginning of the First World War signaled a rise in tensions within the Unit…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning (USA)
By Richard Allen Hulver
This article explains the ways that the United States mourned and remembered its…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Canada)
By Nathan Smith
This essay organizes its discussion of soldiers’ reactions to war into three sec…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (USA)
By Edward A. Gutiérrez
This article examines coercion and consent within the First World War – why did …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Centenary (Canada)
By Geoffrey Bird
This paper explores Canada’s response to the Great War centenary of 2014-2018, s…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Centenary (USA)
By Ross Wilson
The centenary of the First World War brought greater focus on how the war was re…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Civilian and Military Power (Newfoundland)
By Melvin Baker
A government-appointed civilian organization, the Newfoundland Patriotic Associa…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Civilian and Military Power (USA)
By Nancy Gentile Ford
During World War I, an unprecedented civil-military relationship developed among…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Commemoration and Cult of the Fallen (Canada)
By Jonathan F. Vance
Some 70,000 Canadians died while in military service during the First World War,…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Commemoration and Remembrance (USA)
By Steven Trout
From 1919 through the early 1920s, Americans energetically memorialized their ro…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (Newfoundland)
By Sean T. Cadigan
In Newfoundland, the cult of the fallen followed the military disaster that befe…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Dominions’ Military Relationship to Great Britain 1902-1914 (British Dominions)
By Steve Marti
The dominions of Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, and South Africa …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Ethnic Minorities at War (USA)
By David Laskin
The First World War was a watershed experience for the ethnic minorities who had…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Film/Cinema (USA)
By Leslie Midkiff DeBauche
The American film industry became a cultural and business powerhouse during Worl…
Read more
Regional Thematic
French Canada and the War (Canada)
By Mélanie Morin-Pelletier
In 1917, with tens of thousands of Canadian soldiers killed and wounded, the end…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Canada)
By David MacKenzie
This article examines the shifting nature of Canadian federal politics during th…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (USA)
By Ross Kennedy
This essay analyzes domestic politics in the United States during World War I, f…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (Canada)
By Amy J. Shaw
Canada’s historiography of the First World War has tended to emphasize the war a…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (USA)
By James S. Price
This essay covers the historiography of military, political, social, and cultura…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Indigenous Experience of War (British Dominions)
By Noah Riseman, Timothy C. Winegard
Policymakers in the British Dominions of Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Ze…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Indigenous Experiences of War (USA)
By Matthias Voigt
In 1917, as America entered into the Great War, Indigenous responses to the war …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Internment (Canada)
By Donald H. Avery
How did Canada, as a self-governing country within the British Empire, deal with…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Canada)
By Brad St. Croix
Canadian labour’s position at the beginning of the First World War was weak in r…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (USA)
By Paul Michel Taillon
Wartime mobilization in the United States involved supportive federal government…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Literature (USA)
By Mark Whalan
This article surveys the major fiction, drama, and poetry connected with World W…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Making Sense of the War (USA)
By Branden Little
Americans comprehended the First World War as a disaster. Their understandings o…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Naval Warfare (USA)
By Paul G. Halpern
The United States Navy made its greatest contribution to the Allies by providing…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Organization of War Economies (USA)
By Erika Cornelius Smith
Before the beginning of World War I in Europe, the US enjoyed a sizeable industr…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Post-war Societies (USA)
By Adam J. Hodges
World War I transformed the United States in so many important ways that it is c…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Press/Journalism (USA)
By Alisa Miller
In the United States, the press played a key role in shaping public opinion towa…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Pre-war Military Planning (Canada)
By James A. Wood
In the years leading up to the Great War, Canadian military planning was driven …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Pre-war Military Planning (USA)
By Mitchell Yockelson
During the two and a half years leading up to America’s entry into World War I, …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Propaganda at Home (USA)
By Robert A. Wells
This article examines the role and activities of the Committee on Public Informa…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Recording the Experiences of War: Personal Accounts of World War I (USA)
By Edward G. Lengel
The experiences of American soldiers, uniformed noncombatants, and civilians on …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Recruitment and Conscription (Canada)
By Christopher Sharpe
Critical analysis of Canada’s recruitment for the war effort can be grouped arou…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Religion (USA)
By Jonathan H. Ebel
This article charts the contours of the Great War as an American religious exper…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Science and Technology (Canada)
By Andrew Iarocci
Canada’s overseas military forces fought in the Great War under British Army com…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Science and Technology (USA)
By Charles E. Heller
The United States entered the First World War unprepared to deploy its army on c…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (USA)
By Lon Strauss
The United States Congress passed the Espionage Act on 15 June 1917. The Act all…
Read more
Regional Thematic
The Home Front (Newfoundland)
By Terry Bishop Stirling
The social, political, and economic significance of Newfoundland’s dominant indu…
Read more
Regional Thematic
War Aims and Peace Discussions (USA)
By John Milton Cooper
From the outbreak of World War I, Woodrow Wilson pursued two goals: a non-puniti…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918 (Canada)
By Dean F. Oliver
Canada’s large-scale contribution to the Great War generated wartime pride and p…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918 (Newfoundland)
By Melvin Baker
In 1914 Newfoundland raised and maintained a regiment that over the next four ye…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Warfare 1917-1918 (USA)
By Mark E. Grotelueschen
In 1917 and 1918, the United States raised the largest combat force in its histo…
Read more
Regional Thematic
War Losses (Canada)
By Tim Cook, William Stewart
The Canadian casualty figures are difficult to determine in part because of inco…
Read more
Regional Thematic
War Losses (USA)
By Carol R. Byerly
American losses in World War I were modest compared to those of other belligeren…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Women's Mobilisation for War (Canada)
By Sarah Glassford
Canadian women responded to and experienced the Great War in ways ranging from p…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Women's Mobilization for War (Newfoundland)
By Terry Bishop Stirling
During the First World War, Newfoundland women provided comforts and nursing ser…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Women's Mobilization for War (USA)
By Kimberly Jensen
Many American women claimed a more complete female citizenship through voluntary…
Read more

Encyclopedic Entries

Entry
Addams, Jane
By Kathi Badertscher
Jane Addams co-founded Hull House, the most famous of America’s 400 social settl…
Read more
Entry
American Expeditionary Forces
By Harold Allen Skinner Jr.
Beginning in April 1917, the United States (US) army rapidly transformed from a …
Read more
Entry
Austro-Hungarian Enemy Aliens (USA)
By Nicole M. Phelps
Austrian and Hungarian citizens working in war-related industries were exempt fr…
Read more
Entry
Baker, Newton D.
By Jessica L. Adler
A lawyer, Progressive, and pacifist, Newton Baker was U.S. Secretary of War duri…
Read more
Entry
Barbed Wire
By Alan Krell
Invented in France in 1860, barbed wire was further developed in the United Stat…
Read more
Entry
Barkley, John Lewis
By Steven Trout
John Lewis Barkley grew up in west-central Missouri, where he became a skilled o…
Read more
Entry
Baruch, Bernard Mannes
By Gates Brown
At the beginning of World War I, Bernard Baruch was one of the most famous Wall …
Read more
Entry
Bryan, William Jennings
By Luke Schleif
Williams Jennings Bryan was a powerful Democratic politician, from his emergence…
Read more
Entry
Bullard, Robert Lee
By Martin T. Olliff
Robert Lee Bullard, born in Alabama and educated at West Point, served in the U.…
Read more
Entry
Bureau of Investigation
By William H. Thomas, Jr.
During the First World War, the Bureau of Investigation, a division of the U.S. …
Read more
Entry
Camouflage
By Cécile Coutin
A technique of concealment and protection, a means to deceive but not kill, camo…
Read more
Entry
Close Combat Weapons
By Markus Pöhlmann
The basic tactical question for all military powers prior to 1914 was how to app…
Read more
Entry
Conner, Fox
By Steven Rabalais
Brigadier General Fox Conner served as Chief of Operations (G-3) of the American…
Read more
Entry
Conscientious Objectors
By Luke Schleif
During World War I, many conscription age-men sought exemptions from combat duty…
Read more
Entry
Creel, George
By John T. Broom
George Creel is most famous as Chairman of the Committee on Public Information (…
Read more
Entry
Dada
By Josepha Laroche
Dada, a transnational movement of artists, was founded in Zurich in 1916. It dis…
Read more
Entry
Daniels, Josephus
By Daniel E. Worthington
Josephus Daniels was United States secretary of the Navy from 1913–1921. He demo…
Read more
Entry
Debs, Eugene V.
By Kyle Anthony
As a socialist, Eugene Debs unsuccessfully ran for president four times. He serv…
Read more
Entry
Dickman, Joseph T.
By Derek Varble
Major General Joseph T. Dickman’s lengthy U.S. Army career entailed significant …
Read more
Entry
Donovan, William J.
By Benjamin F. Jones
A New York National Guard officer, attorney, and Medal of Honor recipient, Willi…
Read more
Entry
Drum, Hugh Aloysius
By Andrew J. Forney
Hugh Drum played an integral role planning the deployment of the American Expedi…
Read more
Entry
Du Bois, W.E.B.
By Nicholas Michael Sambaluk
W.E.B. Du Bois, sociologist, historian, and socialist, promoted African American…
Read more
Entry
Empire
By Erez Manela
World War I was not simply a conflict among European states but a global war of …
Read more
Entry
Feminist Pacifism
By Annika Wilmers
A minority section of the women’s movements opposed World War I and organized th…
Read more
Entry
"Ford Division"
By Nicholas J. Steneck
A division within the Committee on Public Information (CPI), the Ford Division, …
Read more
Entry
Fosdick, Raymond B.
By Joseph W. Ryan
Raymond Blaine Fosdick served as the Chairman for the Commission on Training Cam…
Read more
Entry
Foulois, Benjamin
By Douglas Kennedy
Benjamin Delahauf Foulois was a founder of United States military aviation. He w…
Read more
Entry
Fourteen Points
By Chris Thomas
The Fourteen Points were U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s post World War I bluepr…
Read more
Entry
Freedom of the Seas
By James Leroy Young, Jr.
“Freedom of the seas” was the early 20th century idea that the world’s oceans se…
Read more
Entry
Garfield, Harry Augustus
By Kenna Lang Archer
Harry Garfield worked in a number of civic positions during his life. When the U…
Read more
Entry
Garrison, Lindley M.
By Edward Salo
Lindley Garrison was a prominent lawyer and politician from New Jersey who rose …
Read more
Entry
Gregory, Thomas Watt
By Gregory W. Ball
Thomas Watt Gregory served as Attorney General of the United States during World…
Read more
Entry
Hemingway, Ernest
By Alex Vernon
Ernest Hemingway was an American who served as a Red Cross ambulance lieutenant …
Read more
Entry
Holmes, Oliver Wendell
By Kenna Lang Archer
After working first as a lawyer and legal scholar, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. ac…
Read more
Entry
Hoover, Herbert
By Robert Shafer
Herbert Hoover obtained political prominence during World War I through his role…
Read more
Entry
House, Edward Mandell
By Gates Brown
Edward House was an advisor to President Woodrow Wilson. He aided Wilson in dipl…
Read more
Entry
House of Morgan
By Kathryn Kemp
An international banking and brokerage house, J. P. Morgan & Company came to wor…
Read more
Entry
Ideologies of Sport
By Ansgar Molzberger, Stephan Wassong
At the beginning of the 20th century, two different systems of exercise and trai…
Read more
Entry
Infantry
By Jeffrey LaMonica
The First World War precipitated a revolution in infantry tactics that changed t…
Read more
Entry
Jabotinsky, Vladimir
By Arie M. Dubnov, Brian Horowitz
Russian-Jewish author, playwright, journalist, orator, and political activist; c…
Read more
Entry
Lansing, Robert
By Nicholas J. Steneck
Robert Lansing served as U.S. Secretary of State from June 1915 until February 1…
Read more
Entry
Lejeune, John Archer
By Charles P. Neimeyer
Major General John Archer Lejeune was the 13th Commandant of the Marine Corps. D…
Read more
Entry
Liggett, Hunter
By Daniel E. Worthington
Hunter Liggett was a general in the U.S. Army. He commanded the Forty-First Infa…
Read more
Entry
Lodge, Henry Cabot
By Jennifer Madeline Zoebelein
Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican senator from Massachusetts. Close friend to T…
Read more
Entry
Lusitania, Sinking of
By Chelsea Autumn Medlock
On 7 May 1915, a German U-boat fired a torpedo into the RMS Lusitania, sinking h…
Read more
Entry
MacArthur, Douglas
By Edward Salo
General Douglas MacArthur was a career Army officer and an American military lea…
Read more
Entry
Machine Gun
By Paul Cornish
Between 1914 and 1918, the machine gun played an ever-increasing role on the bat…
Read more
Entry
March, Peyton Conway
By Jared M. Tracy
General Peyton C. March developed the role and prominence of the relatively new …
Read more
Entry
Marshall, George Catlett
By Rob Havers
General George Catlett Marshall served in France with the American Expeditionary…
Read more
Entry
Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook
By Geoffrey Hayes
This article offers a brief survey of the Canadian-born newspaper baron, Max Ait…
Read more
Entry
McAdoo, William Gibbs
By Jon Huibregtse
William G. McAdoo was an American politician and businessman. During World War I…
Read more
Entry
Military Board of Allied Supply
By Ian M. Brown
The Military Board of Allied Supply, formed in mid-1918, attempted to centralize…
Read more
Entry
Mitchell, William
By Douglas C. Waller
In World War I, Brigadier General William “Billy” Mitchell of the American Exped…
Read more
Entry
Morgenthau, Henry, Sr.
By Harold Allen Skinner Jr.
Naturalized American lawyer, real estate investor, and Jewish activist, Henry Mo…
Read more
Entry
Music
By Akeo Okada
The First World War fundamentally changed the course of 20th century music. The …
Read more
Entry
Nolan, Dennis E.
By Mark Stout
Dennis E. Nolan was the chief intelligence officer for the American Expeditionar…
Read more
Entry
Palmer Raids
By Charlene Fletcher Brown
The Palmer Raids were efforts by the United States Department of Justice to arre…
Read more
Entry
Patton, George Smith
By Christopher Michael Redgraves
George Smith Patton was an American military leader. He began his career as a ca…
Read more
Entry
Paul, Alice
By Wesley Reid Bishop
Alice Paul was an American suffragist and political rights activist. Jailed repe…
Read more
Entry
Pershing, John J.
By Andrew J. Forney
John J. Pershing led all American forces during World War I. He emphasized staff…
Read more
Entry
Petroleum
By Oliver Gliech
In World War I, the mobility of troops was of major strategic importance. New tr…
Read more
Entry
Practice of Sports
By Ansgar Molzberger
During World War I, sport competitions became very popular amongst the soldiers …
Read more
Entry
Prager, Robert
By Derek Varble
In April 1918, Robert Prager, the only German immigrant to the United States kno…
Read more
Entry
Prostitution
By Journey Steward
Prostitution was considered among the most important societal problems facing ci…
Read more
Entry
Racism in the Armed Forces (USA)
By Debra J. Sheffer
Black Americans served in the First World War, fighting for democracy both abroa…
Read more
Entry
Rationing (USA)
By Robert Shafer
One of the central problems nations faced during the war was procuring necessary…
Read more
Entry
Red Scare
By Matthew F. Simmons
The Red Scare was a period of heightened fear of radicalism in the United States…
Read more
Entry
Rickenbacker, Eddie
By Sean Seyer
America’s “ace of aces,” Eddie Rickenbacker received the Distinguished Service M…
Read more
Entry
Rifles
By Dieter Storz
The rifle was by far the most common weapon used in the world war. When the majo…
Read more
Entry
Rubber
By Oliver Gliech
During World War I, motor vehicles took on a key role as transport facilities fo…
Read more
Entry
Selective Service Act
By Michael Geheran
The Selective Service Act of 1917 was the official name of the military draft si…
Read more
Entry
Siberian Intervention 1918-1922
By Paul Dunscomb
Woodrow Wilson proposed a joint intervention with Japan to “rescue” the Czech le…
Read more
Entry
Sims, William Sowden
By Chuck Steele
William Sims was the American admiral sent to assess the state of naval affairs …
Read more
Entry
Social Darwinism
By Kathi Badertscher
Social Darwinism was an intellectual movement of the late 19th and early 20th ce…
Read more
Entry
Stars and Stripes (newspaper)
By Joshua Akers
Based in Paris, the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) newspaper, Stars and Str…
Read more
Entry
Stereotypes
By Vanessa Ther
This article summarises the main wartime stereotypes that defined war propaganda…
Read more
Entry
Summerall, Charles Pelot
By Jared M. Tracy
U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Charles P. Summerall enjoyed a distinguished mi…
Read more
Entry
Supreme War Council
By Elizabeth Greenhalgh
The Supreme War Council was an Allied administrative organisation, created by th…
Read more
Entry
Sussex Pledge
By Simone De Santiago Ramos
In May 1916, the German government issued a pledge to the United States that the…
Read more
Entry
Tanks and Tank Warfare
By Michael David Kennedy
World War I introduced new technologies and doctrine in a quest to overcome the …
Read more
Entry
Theater at the Front
By Emmanuelle Loubat
Whether on the Western or Eastern Front, by German, French, British, Canadian, A…
Read more
Entry
The Spirit of ‘76
By Mark Levitch
In 1918, producer Robert Goldstein was convicted and imprisoned under the Espion…
Read more
Entry
Trench Art
By Paul Cornish
"Trench Art" is a genre of folk art comprised of items created in wartime, or fr…
Read more
Entry
U.S. Race Riots
By Charlene Fletcher Brown
A race riot is a mob-related domestic disturbance in which specific racial group…
Read more
Entry
Volunteer Ambulance Services (USA)
By Patrick Gregory
While the United States remained a neutral power up to April 1917, American volu…
Read more
Entry
War Bonds
By Steffen Bruendel
The governments of all belligerent countries issued special loans to finance the…
Read more
Entry
War Industries Board
By Benjamin R. Beede
Like the other warring nations, the United States had to organize its industries…
Read more
Entry
Washington Conference 1921-1922
By Tadashi Nakatani
The Washington Conference was held from November 1921 to February 1922 with the …
Read more
Entry
Whitlock, Brand
By Branden Little
Brand Whitlock served as the U.S. minister and ambassador to Belgium from 1914–1…
Read more
Entry
Whittlesey, Charles White
By Susan Bragg
Lieutenant Colonel Charles Whittlesey served in a unit of the U. S. Army’s 77th …
Read more
Entry
Wiegand, Karl Henry von
By Norman Domeier
Karl Henry von Wiegand was the leading American foreign correspondent during the…
Read more
Entry
Wilson, Woodrow
By Mark E. Benbow
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the twenty-eighth president of the United States (1913…
Read more
Entry
Wireless Telegraphy
By Heidi J.S. Tworek
Wireless telegraphy became an integral part of warfare on the ground, in the air…
Read more
Entry
York, Alvin Cullum
By Harold Allen Skinner Jr.
A prewar blacksmith and farmer from rural Tennessee before his induction into th…
Read more

See Also

Thematic
Alliance System 1914
By Günther Kronenbitter
Alliances were an important feature of the international system on the eve of Wo…
Read more
Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning
By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz
In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …
Read more
Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War
By André Loez
Soldiers’ attitudes towards the Great War are a controversial issue, as they pro…
Read more
Thematic
Caricatures
By Eberhard Demm
This article presents cartoonists as patriotic propagandists mobilizing their pe…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Computer Games)
By Chris Kempshall
The First World War centenary saw an emergence of new portrayals of the conflict…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Education, Pedagogy, Youth Programs)
By Catriona Pennell
The centenary of the First World War revealed palpable anxieties around a loss o…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Historiography)
By Jost Dülffer
Innovative historical scholarship played an important role in the shaping of mem…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Internet)
By Lorna M. Hughes, Ian G. Anderson
The centenary events surrounding the First World War have produced a significant…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Libraries)
By Matthew Shaw
Libraries (local, specialist, and national) contributed in numerous and importan…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Visual Arts)
By Paul Gough
The commemorative period between 2014 and 2018 was marked globally by numerous e…
Read more
Thematic
Children and Youth
By Andrew Donson
Mass conscription recast relationships in families, raised minors’ potential as …
Read more
Thematic
Civilian and Military Power
By Lawrence Sondhaus
By 1914 the leading states had succumbed to varying degrees of militarism, subor…
Read more
Thematic
Civilian Morale
By Matteo Ermacora
This article deals with civilian morale during the First World War. Between 1915…
Read more
Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen
By Stéphane Tison
The First World War ushered in an unprecedented wave of commemorations. Mass dea…
Read more
Thematic
Controversy: The Media's Responsibility for Crises and Conflicts in the Age of Imperialism
By Peter Geiss
The article discusses the role of the media in the complex international process…
Read more
Thematic
Controversy: Total War
By Daniel Marc Segesser
Total war is a controversial term used in the past by politicians, publicists an…
Read more
Thematic
Controversy: War-related Changes in Gender Relations: The Issue of Women’s Citizenship
By Birgitta Bader-Zaar
The idea that World War I was a watershed in gender relations has pervaded both …
Read more
Thematic
Demobilization
By Gearóid Barry
The end of fighting in 1918 raised hopes for swift and equitable military demobi…
Read more
Thematic
Destruction of the Ecosystem
By Tait Keller
This article examines the First World War’s ecological impact and shows that pro…
Read more
Thematic
Drugs
By Łukasz Kamieński
Throughout history, intoxicants were an important part of the war experience. Th…
Read more
Thematic
Enemy Aliens and Internment
By Matthew Stibbe
The internment of enemy aliens in the First World War was a global phenomenon. C…
Read more
Thematic
Espionage
By Emmanuel Debruyne
During the entire war, warring powers used the “secret war” to try to break the …
Read more
Thematic
Film/Cinema
By Roger Smither
The First World War played a significant role in the evolution of film both as a…
Read more
Thematic
Food and Nutrition
By Emmanuelle Cronier
During the First World War, food became a major issue for military and civilian …
Read more
Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties
By Torsten Oppelland
One sees a wide range of political regimes from a democratic republic with unive…
Read more
Thematic
Graphic Arts and Advertising as War Propaganda
By James Aulich
This article discusses the close relationships between national governments, adv…
Read more
Thematic
Health, Disease, Mortality; Demographic Effects
By Doina Anca Cretu
The rapid spread of epidemics ravaged military personnel and civilians in and ou…
Read more
Thematic
Imperialism
By Boris Barth
This article focuses on the extent to which imperialism contributed to the outbr…
Read more
Thematic
Influenza Pandemic
By Howard Phillips
By examining the origins, pathways, demographic impact and consequences for the …
Read more
Thematic
International Labour Organization
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, establishing both the Leagu…
Read more
Thematic
International Law and the Laws of War
By Jean H. Quataert
The article examines international efforts to curb states’ war-making prerogativ…
Read more
Thematic
League of Nations
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, the same day on which the L…
Read more
Thematic
Life and Death of Soldiers
By Jessica Meyer, Chris Kempshall, Markus Pöhlmann
While public memory of the First World War in Europe often focusses on the death…
Read more
Thematic
Literature
By David Budgen
This article seeks to present an overview of First World War literature across m…
Read more
Thematic
Memory of the War: Popular Memory 1918-1945, 1945 to the Present
By Susanne Brandt
What role do representations of the First World War play in media that reach a w…
Read more
Thematic
Migration and Mobility
By Marlou Schrover
There is an ongoing debate among historians whether the First World War did in f…
Read more
Thematic
Military Justice
By Steven R. Welch
This essay offers a comparative survey of the practice of military justice among…
Read more
Thematic
Military Lessons of the First World War
By Nikolas Gardner
This article examines the lessons derived by the military organizations that par…
Read more
Thematic
Moral Norms and Values
By Gearóid Barry
Change and continuity marked belligerent societies’ norms and values during the …
Read more
Thematic
Museums
By Jennifer Wellington, Aaron Cohen, Anne Hertzog, Susanne Brandt
This article describes the lives and afterlives of the First World War museums i…
Read more
Thematic
Mutilation and Disfiguration
By Julie Anderson
The First World War created disfigured and mutilated bodies on a grand scale. Ne…
Read more
Thematic
Naval Warfare
By Eric W. Osborne
All of the great belligerent states of World War I were naval powers and engaged…
Read more
Thematic
Negotiating and Mediating Conduct of War
By Matthew Stibbe
Many issues surrounding the conduct of war in the years 1914-1918 were imperviou…
Read more
Thematic
On the Road to Modern War
By Dennis Showalter
The Great War was never considered the “war to end all wars” by the states and a…
Read more
Thematic
Othering/Atrocity Propaganda
By Steffen Bruendel
In August 1914, a targeted and systematic manipulation of opinion by the media, …
Read more
Thematic
Pacifism
By David S. Patterson
The idea of peace in total war may seem irrelevant, but pacifism, or peace activ…
Read more
Thematic
Peace Initiatives
By Ross Kennedy
This paper examines major peace initiatives during World War I. It describes eff…
Read more
Thematic
Photography
By Hilary Roberts
The First World War represents a watershed in the history of war photography. It…
Read more
Thematic
Post-war Economies
By Dietmar Rothermund
Post-war economies were beset with problems, ultimately leading to the Great Dep…
Read more
Thematic
Post-war Societies
By Richard Bessel
The First World War caused unprecedented disruption to societies across the glob…
Read more
Thematic
Post-war Welfare Policies
By Pierluigi Pironti
The Great War gave new impulses to the further development of public welfare sys…
Read more
Thematic
Propaganda at Home and Abroad
By Eberhard Demm
This article summarizes and compares the principal arguments and strategies of p…
Read more
Thematic
Propaganda: Media in War Politics
By Stephen Badsey
Propaganda played an important part in the politics of the war, but was only suc…
Read more
Thematic
Property Rights and Economic Nationalism
By Daniela L. Caglioti
This article explores the policies adopted and implemented against enemy propert…
Read more
Thematic
Raw Materials
By Pierre Chancerel
Raw materials were vital during the First World War. Due to the armaments produc…
Read more
Thematic
Red Cross
By Cédric Cotter
National Red Cross societies played a very important role in the First World War…
Read more
Thematic
Religious Mobilization and Popular Belief
By Patrick J. Houlihan
From the cradle to the grave, popular religion formed a necessary and vital, if …
Read more
Thematic
Rural Society
By Matteo Ermacora
The paper describes the impact of war on peasantry and its mobilisation in the w…
Read more
Thematic
Schools and Universities
By Andrew Donson
The military service of teachers and the mobilization of schoolchildren for volu…
Read more
Thematic
Science and Technology
By Jeffrey Johnson
Wartime science and technology developed in the context of the Second Industrial…
Read more
Thematic
Sea Transport and Supply
By Michael B. Miller
Allied capacity at sea to sustain global transport and supply determined their a…
Read more
Thematic
Sexuality, Sexual Relations, Homosexuality
By Jason Crouthamel
This article provides an international overview of the history of sexuality in t…
Read more
Thematic
Social Costs of War
By Kimberly A. Redding
This article explores how the anticipation, reality, and memory of sacrifice inf…
Read more
Thematic
State, Civil Society and Relief Organizations for War
By Branden Little
A vast array of initiatives designed to counteract the destructiveness of the Fi…
Read more
Thematic
The Churches
By Patrick J. Houlihan
Reflecting current historiography, this article focuses primarily on Christian c…
Read more
Thematic
The Everyday as Involved in War
By Tammy M. Proctor
This essay examines how the "everyday" functions in war, not only for those on t…
Read more
Thematic
The Military at Home
By Odile Roynette
Regardless of whether it was based on volunteer enlistment or conscription, mass…
Read more
Thematic
The Paris Peace Conference and its Consequences
By Alan Sharp
This article offers an overview of peacemaking after the First World War from th…
Read more
Thematic
Venereal Diseases
By Journey Steward, Nancy M. Wingfield
This essay traces belligerent policies toward venereal disease (VD) on the fight…
Read more
Thematic
Veterans' Associations
By Julia Eichenberg
Veterans’ associations formed an influential social movement during the interwar…
Read more
Thematic
Visualization of Violence
By Mark Connelly
This piece explores the visualisation of violence for home front audiences and s…
Read more
Thematic
War Aims and War Aims Discussions
By Georges-Henri Soutou
Despite what some believe, there is still a lot to say and learn about the First…
Read more
Thematic
War Correspondents
By Tim Luckhurst
At its outbreak, newspapers in the Allied and neutral democracies hoped to prese…
Read more
Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918
By William Philpott
Static “trench warfare” belied a dynamic transformation in warfare between 1914 …
Read more
Thematic
War Finance
By Nicholas Mulder
The Great War required war-making states to mobilize and sustain the financial r…
Read more
Thematic
War Letters: Communication between Front and Home Front
By Martha Hanna
In nations where literacy was well-established by 1914, letter-writing was criti…
Read more
Thematic
War Losses
By Antoine Prost
Military sources provide the primary statistics of war losses and casualties dur…
Read more
Thematic
Willingly to War. Public Response to the Outbreak of War
By Jean-Jacques Becker
It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in fav…
Read more
Thematic
Women’s Mobilization for War
By Susan R. Grayzel
This article explores women’s economic, social, and political responses to the F…
Read more
Thematic
Women War Reporters
By Stephanie Seul
Female war reporters from belligerent and neutral countries were present in the …
Read more
Thematic
Xenophobia
By Thomas Brodie
This article provides an overview of xenophobia during the First World War - nam…
Read more

Filter search results by