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Handbook Articles
Encyclopedic Entries
54 Results
Survey Articles (Regional)
Regional
Portugal
By Maria Fernanda Rollo, Ana Paula Pires, Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Portugal’s participation in the First World War was depicted by its supporters a…
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Regional Thematic Articles
Regional Thematic
Art (Portugal)
By Pedro Lapa
The Great War coincided with a period of great changes and conceptions as regard…
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Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Establishing the attitude of Portuguese soldiers towards the First World War and…
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Regional Thematic
Civil-Military Relations during World War I (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Portugal went to war in March 1916 with a government and an army that did not si…
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Regional Thematic
Diplomacy (Portugal)
By Pedro Aires Oliveira
The diplomacy of Portugal’s participation in the Great War was largely determine…
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Regional Thematic
Disease and Public Health (Portugal)
By Rita Garnel
In recent years, the number of studies on the Portuguese First Republican experi…
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Regional Thematic
Film/Cinema (Portugal)
By Tiago Baptista
This article discusses the production and reception of Portuguese and foreign “w…
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Regional Thematic
Food and Nutrition (Portugal)
By Maria Fernanda Rollo, Ana Paula Pires
During the Great War consumers emerged as a new demanding group within European …
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Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Founded in October 1910, the Portuguese Republic was soon mired in turmoil. The …
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Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (Portugal)
By Ana Paula Pires, Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
This article attempts to chart the historiography of the First World War in Port…
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Regional Thematic
Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Portugal)
By Joana Dias Pereira
This article focuses on the interaction between the development of industrial so…
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Regional Thematic
Labour (Portugal)
By Ana Carina Gerardo da Silva Azevedo
This article describes the main characteristics of Portuguese production structu…
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Regional Thematic
Literature (Portugal)
By Francisco Miguel Araújo
World War I, the only global conflict in which Portugal participated during the …
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Regional Thematic
Making Sense of the War (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
A latecomer to the war, Portugal underwent a long and divisive debate about whet…
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Regional Thematic
Mourning and Cult of the Fallen (Portugal)
By Silvia Correia
Portugal’s participation in the First World War, first in Africa and then on the…
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Regional Thematic
Music (Portugal)
By Pedro Félix
This article concerns music production in Portugal during the war years. In orde…
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Regional Thematic
Organization of War Economies (Portugal)
By Ana Paula Pires, Maria Fernanda Rollo
This article seeks to analyze the organization of Portugal’s wartime economy. It…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Political Consequences (Portugal)
By Maria Alice Samara
This article will address the key political features in the post-war years of th…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Settlement (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Two factors made it especially important for Portugal’s interventionists not onl…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Societies (Portugal)
By Paulo Eduardo Guimarães
High inflation, strikes, labour organization, war profiteering and “moral corrup…
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Regional Thematic
Press Censorship (Portugal)
By Noémia Malva Novais
When we think of the press and journalism in Portugal under the First Republic (…
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Regional Thematic
Propaganda at Home (Portugal)
By Noémia Malva Novais
Propaganda, like censorship, is legitimized by states at war due to the alleged …
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Regional Thematic
Religion (Portugal)
By Maria Lúcia de Brito Moura
World War One represented a turning point in the relationship between churches a…
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Regional Thematic
Revolutions (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Portugal’s participation in the First World War, never consensual, was marked by…
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Regional Thematic
Science and Technology (Portugal)
By José Luís Assis
This article focuses on the Portuguese war-related science and technology develo…
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Regional Thematic
Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (Portugal)
By Joana Dias Pereira
This article analyses the evolution of the repertoire of collective action durin…
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Regional Thematic
War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Portugal’s wartime governments never formulated a concrete set of war aims. The …
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Regional Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918 (Portugal)
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Though safely removed from the main European conflict zones, Portugal was nevert…
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Regional Thematic
War Finance (Portugal)
By Luciano Amaral, Álvaro da Silva
Portugal financed the extraordinary expenditures of the First World War in the s…
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Regional Thematic
War Losses (Portugal)
By João Moreira Tavares
Many figures have been presented over the years to quantify the human losses tha…
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Regional Thematic
Women's Mobilization for War (Portugal)
By Maria Alice Samara
The participation of Portugal in the First World War opened up a very important …
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Encyclopedic Entries
Entry
Carnegie, Lancelot
By Bruno J. Navarro
Minister plenipotentiary for England in Lisbon, there was consensus about Lancel…
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Entry
Carrier Pigeons (Portugal)
By João Moreira Tavares
Since ancient times, carrier pigeons have been used successfully in various arme…
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Entry
Costa, Afonso
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
Afonso Costa’s name is indelibly attached to Portuguese interventionism. He led …
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Entry
Emigration (Portugal)
By Yvette Santos
This article analyzes the characteristics of Portuguese emigration to France and…
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Entry
Empire
By Erez Manela
World War I was not simply a conflict among European states but a global war of …
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Entry
Garcez, Arnaldo
By Carlos Silveira
Arnaldo Garcez was the only official photographer of the Portuguese army on the …
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Entry
Lys, Battle of the
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
What the Portuguese call the Battle of the Lys represented merely the start of O…
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Entry
Machado, Bernardino
By Sérgio Neto
Bernardino Machado was the prime minister of Portugal during the July Crisis of …
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Entry
Matos, Norton de
By Sérgio Neto
Norton de Matos was minister of war during the first two years of Portuguese par…
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Entry
Pais, Sidónio
By Sérgio Neto
The army major and university teacher Sidónio Pais served as the Portuguese mini…
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Entry
Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses
The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps was the most important Portuguese military co…
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Entry
Portuguese India
By Célia Reis
Although not directly involved in military operations, Portuguese India was link…
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Entry
Portuguese Macau
By Célia Reis
During World War One, Macau's main problem was its relationship with China. This…
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Entry
Portuguese Timor
By Célia Reis
The Portuguese territory of Timor was affected by the war mainly because of its …
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Entry
Renascença Portuguesa
By Eliana Brites Rosa
The Renascença Portuguesa (1912-1932) was an important cultural movement during …
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Entry
Roçadas, José Augusto Alves
By José Luís Assis
José Augusto Alves Roçadas led African pacification campaigns and was a colonial…
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Entry
Rosado, Tomás Garcia
By José Luís Assis
Tomás António Garcia Rosado was a Portuguese expeditionary commander and colonia…
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Entry
Sousa Lopes, Adriano de
By Carlos Silveira
The painter Adriano de Sousa Lopes was the only official Portuguese war artist i…
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Entry
Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva, Fernando
By José Luís Assis
Fernando Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva was a Portuguese general during World War I.…
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See Also
Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning
By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz
In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …
Read more
Thematic
Colonial Empires after the War/Decolonization
By James E. Kitchen
The First World War saw the colonial empires of France and Britain mobilised to …
Read more
Thematic
Imperialism
By Boris Barth
This article focuses on the extent to which imperialism contributed to the outbr…
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Thematic
Willingly to War. Public Response to the Outbreak of War
By Jean-Jacques Becker
It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in fav…
Read more
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