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193 Results

Survey Articles (Regional)

Regional
Austria-Hungary
By Pieter M. Judson
The article surveys the social and military history of Austria-Hungary during th…
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Regional Thematic Articles

Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Austria-Hungary)
By Richard Lein
Since the end of World War One it has generally been accepted that the collapse …
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Regional Thematic
Centenary (Austria)
By Stefan Wedrac
While for the official Austrian state it was in some ways an uneasy task to comm…
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Regional Thematic
Centenary (Czech Republic)
By Jan Adamec
The article describes commemorative acts and festivities marking the centenary o…
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Regional Thematic
Centenary (Hungary)
By Peter Ferwagner
In Hungary, World War I commemorations have been mainly organized by the Centena…
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Regional Thematic
Centenary (Slovakia)
By Michal Kšiňan
Slovakia has a double memory of World War I: the one of former Austro-Hungarian …
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Regional Thematic
Civilian and Military Power (Austria-Hungary)
By Hermann Kuprian, Nicole-Melanie Goll
The relationship between civilian and military power in Austria-Hungary during t…
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Regional Thematic
Food and Nutrition (Austria-Hungary)
By Ernst Langthaler
Food became a scarce – and thus decisive – resource for the Habsburg Empire’s wa…
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Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Austria)
By John W. Boyer
The closing of the parliament in Vienna in spring 1914 led to the consolidation …
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Regional Thematic
Governments-Parliaments and Parties (Hungary)
By András Joó
Political life in the Hungarian part of the Dual Monarchy (particularly the cons…
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Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (Austria-Hungary)
By Hannes Leidinger
Apart from a few brief words regarding the relevant scientific work of internati…
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Regional Thematic
Labour, Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Austria-Hungary)
By Jakub Beneš
The First World War was a period of repression and severe privation in Austria-H…
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Regional Thematic
Literature (Austria-Hungary)
By Monika Szczepaniak
This article considers the links between Austrian literature and the First World…
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Regional Thematic
Nationalities (Austria-Hungary)
By Rok Stergar
Recent research has questioned the view that that the population of Austria-Hung…
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Regional Thematic
Occupation during and after the War (Austria-Hungary)
By Wolfram Dornik
While on the Western Front there were only limited territorial movements, the Ea…
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Regional Thematic
Organization of War Economies (Austria-Hungary)
By Felix Butschek
This article describes the structure and development of the Austro-Hungarian war…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Economies (Austria-Hungary)
By Walter M. Iber
The Austrian economy went through several phases in the interwar period, beginni…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Societies (Austria)
By Hannes Leidinger
The following deliberations approach the “post-war” situation of the young Austr…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Societies (Czechoslovakia)
By Ota Konrád
Although the Czechoslovak Republic experienced social breakdown and a wave of vi…
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Regional Thematic
Post-war Turmoil and Violence (Hungary)
By Tamás Révész
In November 1918, massive popular unrest broke out in the Hungarian countryside,…
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Regional Thematic
Press/Journalism (Austria-Hungary)
By Petronilla Ehrenpreis
The undisputed superiority of the Western Powers, above all Great Britain in the…
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Regional Thematic
Pre-war Military Planning (Austria-Hungary)
By Günther Kronenbitter
Austria-Hungary’s General Staff enjoyed a monopoly on war planning. Its long-tim…
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Regional Thematic
Prisoners of War (Austria-Hungary)
By Verena Moritz, Julia Walleczek-Fritz
The following article offers an overview of the central fields of research conce…
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Regional Thematic
Propaganda at Home (Austria-Hungary)
By Mark Cornwall
In wartime Austria-Hungary, propaganda’s usefulness for manipulating public opin…
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Regional Thematic
Revolutions (Austria-Hungary)
By Hannes Leidinger
The following pages - focusing on the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the in…
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Regional Thematic
Science and Technology (Austria-Hungary)
By Andreas Gottsmann
Thorough research has been carried out only on some subfields within the history…
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Regional Thematic
Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (Austria-Hungary)
By Maureen Healy, Dana Bronson, Musa Jemal
This essay traces the experience on the plural home fronts of the Habsburg Empir…
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Regional Thematic
Tactics, Army (Austria-Hungary)
By M. Christian Ortner
The development of Austria-Hungary’s combat doctrine started in 1914 at a typica…
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Regional Thematic
The Internment of Russophiles in Austria-Hungary
By Serhiy Choliy
The internment of “suspicious persons” became a widespread practice and an impor…
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Regional Thematic
War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Austria-Hungary)
By Samuel R. Williamson, Jr.
In July 1914 the Habsburg monarchy went to war with Serbia declaring it sought n…
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Regional Thematic
War Finance (Austria-Hungary)
By Ágnes Pogány
The article presents a new estimate of the war costs and an overview of war fina…
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Regional Thematic
War Losses (Austria-Hungary)
By Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik
Estimates of the total losses of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces range from 1.…
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Encyclopedic Entries

Entry
Adler, Victor
By Jakub Beneš
Until his death in 1918, Victor Adler was the most prominent Austrian socialist …
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Entry
Austro-Hungarian Enemy Aliens (USA)
By Nicole M. Phelps
Austrian and Hungarian citizens working in war-related industries were exempt fr…
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Entry
Automobile Industry (Austria-Hungary)
By Walter Blasi
The Austro-Hungarian automotive industry and the necessary equipment for militar…
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Entry
Ballhausplatz
By William D. Godsey
The Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Imperial and Royal House and of Foreign A…
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Entry
Bauer, Otto
By Jakub Beneš
Otto Bauer was a leading Austro-Marxist and socialist politician who served duri…
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Entry
Beneš, Edvard
By René Küpper
Edvard Beneš was a Czech politician, diplomat, and close collaborator of Tomáš G…
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Entry
Berchtold, Leopold Graf
By Samuel R. Williamson, Jr.
Graf Leopold Berchtold, Habsburg foreign minister from 1912 to 1915, was confron…
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Entry
Bosniak Regiments (Austria-Hungary)
By Christoph Neumayer
Following the decisions of the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Austria-Hungary occup…
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Entry
Bosnian Crisis
By Marc Stefan Peters
In the narrow sense, the so-called “Bosnian Crisis” (or “Annexation Crisis”) of …
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Entry
Burián von Rajecz, István, Graf
By Marvin Benjamin Fried
István Burián was a leading Austro-Hungarian career diplomat and politician, ris…
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Entry
Cattaro, Mutiny of
By Paul Lenormand
The mutiny of the sailors on Cattaro, the Austrian-Hungarian Navy Base, occurred…
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Entry
Charles I, Emperor of Austria
By Robert Rill
In his youth, the archduke was introduced to the idea of federalism by Archduke …
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Entry
Concept of Mitteleuropa
By Maciej Górny
Friedrich Naumann’s Mitteleuropa (1915) was a liberal voice in the largely illib…
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Entry
Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Xaver Josef Graf
By Claudia Reichl-Ham
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf was an Austrian officer and Chief of the General Sta…
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Entry
Czechoslovak-Hungarian Border Conflict
By Aliaksandr Piahanau
From 1918–1920, Czechoslovakia and Hungary claimed their rights over Slovakia an…
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Entry
Czernin, Ottokar Graf
By Robert Rill
Ottokar Graf Czernin was an Austrian politician and the minister of foreign affa…
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Entry
Empire
By Erez Manela
World War I was not simply a conflict among European states but a global war of …
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Entry
Expanding Bullets
By Paul Cornish
During the First World War both sides accused each other of employing illegal sm…
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Entry
Fear
By Jan Plamper
Of the two world wars, the First World War was special in that fear figured prom…
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Entry
Feminist Pacifism
By Annika Wilmers
A minority section of the women’s movements opposed World War I and organized th…
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Entry
Forts
By Miguel A. Lopez
European militaries considered fortifications before the First World War as vita…
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Entry
Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria
By Lothar Höbelt
Under the terms of the 1867 constitution, Francis Joseph retained his prerogativ…
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Entry
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este
By Paul Miller
This biographical overview of Archduke Franz Ferdinand examines the evolution of…
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Entry
Freud, Sigmund
By Maciej Górny
Sigmund Freud, the founding father of psychoanalysis, expressed a war-weariness …
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Entry
Germany's Blank Cheque to Austria-Hungary
By William Mulligan
Germany’s offer of unconditional support to its Austro-Hungarian ally in July 19…
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Entry
Horthy, Miklós
By Catherine Horel
Horthy was a naval officer of Austria-Hungary. During the First World War he was…
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Entry
Islam in Austria-Hungary
By Edin Hajdarpasic
During the First World War, mobilizing Muslim soldiers and Islamic institutions …
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Entry
Kraus, Karl
By Ari Linden
Karl Kraus was one of the 20th century’s most significant satirists. While his p…
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Entry
Kun, Béla
By Boldizsár Vörös
Béla Kun was a Hungarian communist politician. He began his career as a social d…
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Entry
Lemberg
By Claudia Reichl-Ham
In World War I Lemberg (German: Lemberg, Ukrainian: Lviv, Polish: Lwów) played a…
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Entry
Machine Gun
By Paul Cornish
Between 1914 and 1918, the machine gun played an ever-increasing role on the bat…
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Entry
Markl Internment Camp
By Reinhard Mundschütz
During the years 1915 to 1918 in the internment camp in Markl (Windigsteig), in …
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Entry
Martial Law
By Steven R. Welch
Martial law refers to the exercise of governmental power over the civilian popul…
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Entry
Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue
By René Küpper
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was a Czech politician who started the Czechoslovak indep…
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Entry
Mediterranean Theater, Naval Operations
By Paul G. Halpern
The real naval war in the Mediterranean turned out to be a struggle against Germ…
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Entry
Music
By Akeo Okada
The First World War fundamentally changed the course of 20th century music. The …
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Entry
Musil, Robert
By Oliver Pfohlmann
The Austrian writer Robert Musil served as a soldier throughout the entire perio…
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Entry
Offensive, Gorlice-Tarnow
By Richard Lein
The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive of May/June 1915 was a major military success for A…
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Entry
Panslavism
By Rok Stergar
Panslavism was a movement based on the conviction that all speakers of Slavic la…
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Entry
Petroleum
By Oliver Gliech
In World War I, the mobility of troops was of major strategic importance. New tr…
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Entry
Prochaska Affair
By Richard C. Hall
The Prochaska Affair was a diplomatic dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia…
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Entry
Prostitution
By Journey Steward
Prostitution was considered among the most important societal problems facing ci…
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Entry
Redl, Alfred
By Günther Kronenbitter
On 25 May 1913 Colonel Alfred Redl, the former head of Austria-Hungary’s militar…
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Entry
Refugees (Austria-Hungary)
By Francesco Frizzera
During World War I, about 1.1 million refugees sought refuge in the interior of …
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Entry
Renner, Karl
By Paul Dvorak
Karl Renner quickly became one of the main theoreticians of a policy of support …
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Entry
Roth, Joseph
By Ilse Josepha Lazaroms
Joseph Roth was a Jewish writer and journalist. His experiences at the Eastern F…
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Entry
Ruggera, Camillo
By Nicola Fontana
Camillo Ruggera was an officer of the General Staff in the Austro-Hungarian army…
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Entry
Saint-Germain, Treaty of
By Peter Haslinger
The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed by Austria and twenty-seven Allied and as…
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Entry
Sanjak of Novi Pazar
By Tamara Scheer
Although sanjak usually means any one of many Ottoman administrative units, one …
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Entry
Sarajevo Incident
By Samuel Foster
The Sarajevo incident refers to the events surrounding the assassination of Arch…
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Entry
Sarkotić von Lovćen, Stephan Freiherr
By Marc Stefan Peters
Stephan Baron von Sarkotić was an Austro-Hungarian general who had already made …
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Entry
Schalek, Alice
By Christian Rapp
This article deals with the activities of journalist and photographer Alice Scha…
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Entry
Sixtus Affair
By Robert Rill
The Sixtus Affair was the failed attempt by Emperor Charles I. of Austria and hi…
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Entry
Smoking and Cigarette Consumption
By Michael Reeve
During the First World War, governments, civilians and soldiers alike prized smo…
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Entry
Soldiers' Equipment
By Dieter Storz
The soldier’s personal equipment had a dual purpose: it was intended to enable h…
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Entry
Štefánik, Milan Rastislav
By Michal Kšiňan
Milan Rastislav Štefánik was a Slovak astronomer, diplomat, politician, general,…
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Entry
Stormtrooper
By Ralf Raths
Storm troopers were soldiers in specialized assault units, which emerged in the …
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Entry
Stürgkh, Karl Graf
By Martin Moll
Karl Graf von Stürgkh was an Austrian member of the Imperial Council, Minister f…
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Entry
Suttner, Bertha von
By Laurie Cohen
Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905. She wr…
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Entry
The Good Soldier Švejk (novel)
By Maciej Górny
Osudy dobrého vojaka Švejka za světové války (The Good Soldier Švejk) by Jarosl…
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Entry
The Last Days of Mankind (play)
By Ari Linden
The Last Days of Mankind (Die letzten Tage der Menschheit) is the major work by …
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Entry
The Man without Qualities (novel)
By Walter Fanta
Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man without Qualities) is a novel by Robert Mu…
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Entry
Tisza, István, Gróf
By Zoltán Maruzsa
István Tisza was a Hungarian politician and minister. He served as Prime Ministe…
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Entry
Trentino
By Nicola Fontana, Mirko Saltori
Trentino is an Italian-speaking region which was the southernmost part of the Ty…
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Entry
Trialism
By Mateusz Drozdowski
Before and at the beginning of World War I, various proposals concerning the cre…
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Entry
Trianon, Treaty of
By Miklós Zeidler
The Treaty of Trianon is one of the Paris peace treaties that ended the First Wo…
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Entry
Viribus Unitis, SMS
By Walter Blasi
The Austro-Hungarian battleship Viribus Unitis was commissioned in reaction to t…
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Entry
Vorarlberg Referendum
By Wolfgang Weber
The latter Austrian Land Vorarlberg saw the rise of a grass root movement for a …
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Entry
War Archives (Austria-Hungary)
By Christoph Tepperberg
The War Archives (Kriegsarchiv), centre of the official historiography of the Im…
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Entry
War Bonds
By Steffen Bruendel
The governments of all belligerent countries issued special loans to finance the…
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Entry
War Press Office (Austria-Hungary)
By Christoph Tepperberg
The War Press Office, or Kriegspressequartier (KPQ) was the central propaganda i…
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Entry
War Requirement Acts
By Ágnes Pogány
The War Requirements Acts were passed in Austria-Hungary in 1912. They placed mi…
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Entry
War Surveillance Office (Austria-Hungary)
By Tamara Scheer
During the First World War, Austria-Hungary implemented a state of emergency wit…
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Entry
Wiener Philharmoniker (Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra)
By Akeo Okada
The Vienna Philharmonic, a music institution typical of the high bourgeoisie bef…
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See Also

Thematic
Alliance System 1914
By Günther Kronenbitter
Alliances were an important feature of the international system on the eve of Wo…
Read more
Thematic
Antisemitism
By Werner Bergmann, Ulrich Wyrwa
The First World War and its direct repercussions in the postwar period (revoluti…
Read more
Thematic
Atrocities
By Alan Kramer
The term "atrocity" describes an act of violence condemned by contemporaries as …
Read more
Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning
By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz
In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …
Read more
Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War
By André Loez
Soldiers’ attitudes towards the Great War are a controversial issue, as they pro…
Read more
Thematic
Caricatures
By Eberhard Demm
This article presents cartoonists as patriotic propagandists mobilizing their pe…
Read more
Thematic
Censorship
By Eberhard Demm
Censorship was an indispensable war weapon: its task was to keep the people in a…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Internet)
By Lorna M. Hughes, Ian G. Anderson
The centenary events surrounding the First World War have produced a significant…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Libraries)
By Matthew Shaw
Libraries (local, specialist, and national) contributed in numerous and importan…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Museums)
By Andrea Brait
This article discusses how European museums – in particular, national war museum…
Read more
Thematic
Children and Youth
By Andrew Donson
Mass conscription recast relationships in families, raised minors’ potential as …
Read more
Thematic
Civilian and Military Power
By Lawrence Sondhaus
By 1914 the leading states had succumbed to varying degrees of militarism, subor…
Read more
Thematic
Civilian Morale
By Matteo Ermacora
This article deals with civilian morale during the First World War. Between 1915…
Read more
Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen
By Stéphane Tison
The First World War ushered in an unprecedented wave of commemorations. Mass dea…
Read more
Thematic
Controversy: The Media's Responsibility for Crises and Conflicts in the Age of Imperialism
By Peter Geiss
The article discusses the role of the media in the complex international process…
Read more
Thematic
Controversy: War-related Changes in Gender Relations: The Issue of Women’s Citizenship
By Birgitta Bader-Zaar
The idea that World War I was a watershed in gender relations has pervaded both …
Read more
Thematic
Crumbling of Empires and Emerging States: Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia as (Multi)national Countries
By Katrin Boeckh
During the First World War, Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats,…
Read more
Thematic
Demobilization
By Gearóid Barry
The end of fighting in 1918 raised hopes for swift and equitable military demobi…
Read more
Thematic
Drugs
By Łukasz Kamieński
Throughout history, intoxicants were an important part of the war experience. Th…
Read more
Thematic
Economic Planning before 1914
By Martin Horn
This article surveys the financial and economic planning for war before 1914 in …
Read more
Thematic
Enemy Aliens and Internment
By Matthew Stibbe
The internment of enemy aliens in the First World War was a global phenomenon. C…
Read more
Thematic
Espionage
By Emmanuel Debruyne
During the entire war, warring powers used the “secret war” to try to break the …
Read more
Thematic
Food and Nutrition
By Emmanuelle Cronier
During the First World War, food became a major issue for military and civilian …
Read more
Thematic
Forced Labour
By Jens Thiel, Christian Westerhoff
This article examines the conditions, forms and consequences of forced labor and…
Read more
Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties
By Torsten Oppelland
One sees a wide range of political regimes from a democratic republic with unive…
Read more
Thematic
Health, Disease, Mortality; Demographic Effects
By Doina Anca Cretu
The rapid spread of epidemics ravaged military personnel and civilians in and ou…
Read more
Thematic
Imperialism
By Boris Barth
This article focuses on the extent to which imperialism contributed to the outbr…
Read more
Thematic
International Labour Organization
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, establishing both the Leagu…
Read more
Thematic
International Law and the Laws of War
By Jean H. Quataert
The article examines international efforts to curb states’ war-making prerogativ…
Read more
Thematic
July Crisis 1914
By Annika Mombauer
The international crisis that began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Fer…
Read more
Thematic
Labor
By Steven E. Rowe
Across the major belligerent powers, industrial production and the mobilization …
Read more
Thematic
Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes
By James Thompson
This article compares the history of labour movements during the war across a ra…
Read more
Thematic
League of Nations
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, the same day on which the L…
Read more
Thematic
Literature
By David Budgen
This article seeks to present an overview of First World War literature across m…
Read more
Thematic
Media Discourse after the War
By André Keil
The discourse about the Great War during the interwar period was shaped by numer…
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Thematic
Medicine and Medical Service
By Leo van Bergen
It is impossible to talk about “the” medical care or “the” medical service of Wo…
Read more
Thematic
Military Justice
By Steven R. Welch
This essay offers a comparative survey of the practice of military justice among…
Read more
Thematic
Moral Norms and Values
By Gearóid Barry
Change and continuity marked belligerent societies’ norms and values during the …
Read more
Thematic
Nationalism
By John Paul Newman
This article offers an overview of the progress of nationalism and the national …
Read more
Thematic
Naval Warfare
By Eric W. Osborne
All of the great belligerent states of World War I were naval powers and engaged…
Read more
Thematic
Negotiating and Mediating Conduct of War
By Matthew Stibbe
Many issues surrounding the conduct of war in the years 1914-1918 were imperviou…
Read more
Thematic
Occupation during the War
By Gustavo Corni
After an initial wave of interest in 1914 and the immediate post-war period, int…
Read more
Thematic
Organization of War Economies
By Matthias Blum, Jari Eloranta, Pavel Osinsky
The First World War was a global conflict that caught most of the participants i…
Read more
Thematic
Othering/Atrocity Propaganda
By Steffen Bruendel
In August 1914, a targeted and systematic manipulation of opinion by the media, …
Read more
Thematic
Pacifism
By David S. Patterson
The idea of peace in total war may seem irrelevant, but pacifism, or peace activ…
Read more
Thematic
Paramilitary Violence
By Annemarie Sammartino
While World War I featured the largest armies ever assembled, it was also fought…
Read more
Thematic
Peace Initiatives
By Ross Kennedy
This paper examines major peace initiatives during World War I. It describes eff…
Read more
Thematic
Photography
By Hilary Roberts
The First World War represents a watershed in the history of war photography. It…
Read more
Thematic
Post-war Societies
By Richard Bessel
The First World War caused unprecedented disruption to societies across the glob…
Read more
Thematic
Post-war Welfare Policies
By Pierluigi Pironti
The Great War gave new impulses to the further development of public welfare sys…
Read more
Thematic
Press/Journalism
By Florian Keisinger
Word War I had a significant impact on the evolution of the European media scene…
Read more
Thematic
Pre-war Military Planning
By Matthew S. Seligmann
German and British war planning has attracted a great deal of attention, but als…
Read more
Thematic
Prisoners of War
By Heather Jones
The First World War marked the shift from a 19th century, relatively ad hoc mana…
Read more
Thematic
Propaganda at Home and Abroad
By Eberhard Demm
This article summarizes and compares the principal arguments and strategies of p…
Read more
Thematic
Property Rights and Economic Nationalism
By Daniela L. Caglioti
This article explores the policies adopted and implemented against enemy propert…
Read more
Thematic
Raw Materials
By Pierre Chancerel
Raw materials were vital during the First World War. Due to the armaments produc…
Read more
Thematic
Red Cross
By Cédric Cotter
National Red Cross societies played a very important role in the First World War…
Read more
Thematic
Refugees
By Peter Gatrell
This article addresses the scale of wartime population displacement in continent…
Read more
Thematic
Resettlement
By Peter Gatrell
The conduct of warfare in 1914-1918 included extensive population resettlement i…
Read more
Thematic
Revolutions
By Chad R. Fulwider
This article surveys the various movements toward social, national, and politica…
Read more
Thematic
Rural Society
By Matteo Ermacora
The paper describes the impact of war on peasantry and its mobilisation in the w…
Read more
Thematic
Sexuality, Sexual Relations, Homosexuality
By Jason Crouthamel
This article provides an international overview of the history of sexuality in t…
Read more
Thematic
Shifts and Tensions in Ethnic/National Groups
By Borislav Chernev
This article examines the changing dynamics of national tensions in the Habsburg…
Read more
Thematic
Social Conflict
By Claire Morelon
This article deals with the nature of social conflict during the war. The length…
Read more
Thematic
Social Costs of War
By Kimberly A. Redding
This article explores how the anticipation, reality, and memory of sacrifice inf…
Read more
Thematic
Staging War. Theatre 1914-1918
By Eva Krivanec
From 1914 to 1918, theatres in all major European cities staged plays – comedies…
Read more
Thematic
State, Civil Society and Relief Organizations for War
By Branden Little
A vast array of initiatives designed to counteract the destructiveness of the Fi…
Read more
Thematic
The Churches
By Patrick J. Houlihan
Reflecting current historiography, this article focuses primarily on Christian c…
Read more
Thematic
The Everyday as Involved in War
By Tammy M. Proctor
This essay examines how the "everyday" functions in war, not only for those on t…
Read more
Thematic
The Historiography of the Origins of the First World War
By William Mulligan
The debate about the origins of the war remains a vibrant area of historical res…
Read more
Thematic
The Military at Home
By Odile Roynette
Regardless of whether it was based on volunteer enlistment or conscription, mass…
Read more
Thematic
The Military Collapse of the Central Powers
By Graydon A. Tunstall
October 1918 witnessed the collapse of the German and Austro-Hungarian armies, b…
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Thematic
The Paris Peace Conference and its Consequences
By Alan Sharp
This article offers an overview of peacemaking after the First World War from th…
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Thematic
The Way to War
By Samuel R. Williamson, Jr.
Imperialism shaped almost every facet of international politics from 1898 to 191…
Read more
Thematic
Urban Societies and Cities
By Andrew Lees
Cities — with their comparatively large and dense but also vulnerable population…
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Thematic
Venereal Diseases
By Journey Steward, Nancy M. Wingfield
This essay traces belligerent policies toward venereal disease (VD) on the fight…
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Thematic
Visualization of Violence
By Mark Connelly
This piece explores the visualisation of violence for home front audiences and s…
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Thematic
War Aims and War Aims Discussions
By Georges-Henri Soutou
Despite what some believe, there is still a lot to say and learn about the First…
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Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918
By William Philpott
Static “trench warfare” belied a dynamic transformation in warfare between 1914 …
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Thematic
War Finance
By Nicholas Mulder
The Great War required war-making states to mobilize and sustain the financial r…
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Thematic
War Letters: Communication between Front and Home Front
By Martha Hanna
In nations where literacy was well-established by 1914, letter-writing was criti…
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Thematic
War Losses
By Antoine Prost
Military sources provide the primary statistics of war losses and casualties dur…
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Thematic
War Psychiatry and Shell Shock
By Fiona Reid
During the First World War soldiers from all combatant nations suffered from a w…
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Thematic
Willingly to War. Public Response to the Outbreak of War
By Jean-Jacques Becker
It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in fav…
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Thematic
Women’s Mobilization for War
By Susan R. Grayzel
This article explores women’s economic, social, and political responses to the F…
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Thematic
Women War Reporters
By Stephanie Seul
Female war reporters from belligerent and neutral countries were present in the …
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Thematic
Xenophobia
By Thomas Brodie
This article provides an overview of xenophobia during the First World War - nam…
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