Search
Menu
Explore
Themes
Regions
Timeline
Contributors
Authors
General Editors
Managing Editors
Section Editors
Advisory Board
External Referees
Discover
Articles A-Z
Index
Bibliography
Images
WWI Websites
Call for Papers
Themes
Regions
Articles A-Z
Index
Bibliography
Contributors
Images
Timeline
Call for Papers
Regions: Australasia
Western Europe
Belgium
Denmark
France
Great Britain and Ireland
Great Britain
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
Central Europe
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Germany
Eastern Europe
Estonia
Finland
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Russian Empire
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Turkestan
Ukraine
South East Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
Greece
Montenegro
Romania
Serbia
Yugoslavia
Middle East
Afghanistan
Armenia
Egypt
Iraq
Lebanon
Ottoman Empire
Palestine
Persia/Iran
Syria
Africa
East and Central Africa
Northern Africa
Southern Africa
Union of South Africa
West Africa
South and South East Asia
Burma
India
Indochina
Indonesia
Philippines
Siam
Singapore
East Asia
China
Hong Kong
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Australasia
Australia
Micronesia
New Guinea
New Zealand
North America
Canada
Newfoundland
USA
Latin America
Central America and Caribbean
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
All
Handbook Articles
Encyclopedic Entries
84 Results
Survey Articles (Regional)
Regional
Australia
By Joan Beaumont
The impact of the First World War on Australia was so profound that its memory d…
Read more
Regional
New Zealand
By Kate Hunter
New Zealand was the British Dominion furthest from the conflict in Europe, the M…
Read more
Regional Thematic Articles
Regional Thematic
Anzac (Australia)
By Graham Seal
This article briefly outlines the origins, development and significance of the A…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Art (Australia)
By Margaret Hutchison
Artistic responses to Australia’s war effort were diverse and engaging. Soldiers…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning (Australia)
By Bruce Scates
This article considers patterns of bereavement and mourning in Australia both du…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning (New Zealand)
By Rachel Patrick
This article examines bereavement and mourning in New Zealand during the First W…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Australia)
By Peter Stanley
The attitudes and behaviours of men of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) were …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (New Zealand)
By Jock Phillips
Their war experience changed the attitudes of New Zealand soldiers dramatically …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Centenary (Australia)
By Bruce Scates
From 2010-2020, Australia fielded the longest, most expensive, and arguably most…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Centenary (New Zealand)
By Jock Phillips, Kingsley Baird
There was a large investment of government funds in the centenary commemoration …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Civilian and Military Power (Australia)
By John Connor
Civilians in the Australian government contended with two types of military powe…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (Australia)
By Joan Beaumont
The memory of the First World War has played a prominent role in Australian poli…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (New Zealand)
By Margaret Harris
Anzac Day is the primary method of New Zealand public engagement with the Great …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Conscription (Australia)
By Joan Beaumont
Conscription was the most divisive issue in Australian politics during the First…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Dominions’ Military Relationship to Great Britain 1902-1914 (British Dominions)
By Steve Marti
The dominions of Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, and South Africa …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Dominion Soldiers on Leave in Europe (New Zealand)
By Felicity Barnes
This article considers the experiences of New Zealand soldiers on leave in Brita…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Film/Cinema (Australia)
By Daniel Reynaud
Australian cinema experienced a war of two halves during 1914-1918. The start wa…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Food and Nutrition (Australia)
By Judith Smart
Food grown and produced in Australia during World War I was used to provision th…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Australia)
By John Connor
The Commonwealth of Australia, a self-governing Dominion of the British Empire, …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (New Zealand)
By Jim McAloon
New Zealand’s wartime parliament was dominated by a coalition between the two ma…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (Australia)
By Carolyn Holbrook
Charles E.W. Bean’s twelve-volume Official History of Australia in the War of 19…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (New Zealand)
By Steven Loveridge
This article surveys New Zealand historiography of the First World War since 191…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Indigenous Experience of War (British Dominions)
By Noah Riseman, Timothy C. Winegard
Policymakers in the British Dominions of Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Ze…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Australia)
By Nathan Wise
The First World War caused great upheavals within the Australian labour movement…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Literature (Australia)
By Christina Spittel
The First World War occupies a significant, though not uncontested place in the …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Making Sense of the War (Australia)
By Bart Ziino
This article examines Australians’ attempts to make sense of a war on the other …
Read more
Regional Thematic
Making Sense of the War (New Zealand)
By Kirstie Ross
Almost all New Zealanders made sense of the Great War within the context of thre…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Organization of War Economies (Australia)
By Peter Yule
The First World War was a major negative shock for the Australian economy. Austr…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Post-war Economies (Australia)
By Frank Bongiorno
World War I had a damaging effect on the economy. Although it stimulated new ind…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Post-war Economies (New Zealand)
By Malcolm McKinnon
The post-war economy was shaped by wartime changes. Compensation issues for sold…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Post-war Societies (Australia)
By Frank Bongiorno
Australia’s Great War was both unifying and divisive. The Anzac legend that cele…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Press/Journalism (Australia)
By Richard Trembath
This article examines the Australian press in the First World War. It concentrat…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Press/Journalism (New Zealand)
By Susann Liebich
Newspapers were crucial in bringing news of the First World War to readers in Ne…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Pre-war Military Planning (Australia)
By Craig Wilcox
A self-governing dominion of white settlers within the British Empire, Australia…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Prisoners of War (Australia)
By Aaron Pegram
Prisoners of war are central to the public memory of Australian involvement in t…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Propaganda at Home (Australia)
By Emily Robertson
Australian government propaganda was subordinate to state and federal recruiting…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Religion (Australia)
By Daniel Reynaud
Christian churches in Australia were largely supportive of the war effort, seein…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Science and Technology (Australia)
By Eric Endacott
Australia made a limited contribution to the fields of science and technology du…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (Australia)
By Martin Crotty
Despite the rhetoric at the war’s outbreak of how Australia would stand united b…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (New Zealand)
By David Grant
New Zealand was a very loyal British dominion. At the outbreak of the First Worl…
Read more
Regional Thematic
War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Australia)
By Joan Beaumont
Although Britain declared war on the Dominions’ behalf, Australia had its own wa…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918 (Australia)
By William Westerman
Although popular memory in Australia places a large emphasis on the Gallipoli ca…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Warfare 1914-1918 (New Zealand)
By Aaron Patrick Fox
Between August 1914 and November 1918 approximately 102,000 New Zealand soldiers…
Read more
Regional Thematic
War Finance (Australia)
By Jatinder Mann
Throughout the First World War, there were significant new developments in the C…
Read more
Regional Thematic
War Losses (Australia)
By David C. Noonan
The official numbers of casualties suffered by the Australian Imperial Force (AI…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Women’s Mobilisation for War (Australia)
By Rae Frances
Australian women, although 20,000 kilometres away from the major war zones, were…
Read more
Regional Thematic
Women's Mobilization for War (New Zealand)
By Kate Hunter
New Zealand women became enmeshed in the Great War from its outset. Appealed to …
Read more
Encyclopedic Entries
Entry
Anzac Memorial, Sydney
By Jennifer Wellington
The Anzac Memorial in Hyde Park, Sydney, is the state war memorial of New South …
Read more
Entry
Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force
By Philip Payton
On the outbreak of the First World War, the German presence in the Pacific, in p…
Read more
Entry
Bean, Charles
By Aaron Pegram
Charles Bean was Australia’s official war correspondent who later wrote and edit…
Read more
Entry
Empire
By Erez Manela
World War I was not simply a conflict among European states but a global war of …
Read more
Entry
Micronesia
By Niko Tillmann, Yuko Maezawa
Japanese interest in expansion into the South Pacific began in the 1870s. World …
Read more
Entry
Monash, John
By Aaron Pegram
John Monash is probably the most celebrated Australian figure of the First World…
Read more
Entry
Murdoch, Keith Arthur, Sir
By Richard Trembath
Keith Murdoch was an Australian journalist and newspaper proprietor. His Gallipo…
Read more
Entry
Pacific Islands
By John Jennings
Although they were remote from the metropoles and generally small, the Pacific I…
Read more
Entry
War Poetry
By Jane Potter
This article examines the concept of war poetry and considers the range of poeti…
Read more
Entry
Wireless Telegraphy
By Heidi J.S. Tworek
Wireless telegraphy became an integral part of warfare on the ground, in the air…
Read more
See Also
Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning
By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz
In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Battlefield Tourism)
By Romain Fathi
The centenary of the First World War has been a catalyst for battlefield tourism…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Education, Pedagogy, Youth Programs)
By Catriona Pennell
The centenary of the First World War revealed palpable anxieties around a loss o…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Internet)
By Lorna M. Hughes, Ian G. Anderson
The centenary events surrounding the First World War have produced a significant…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Libraries)
By Matthew Shaw
Libraries (local, specialist, and national) contributed in numerous and importan…
Read more
Thematic
Centenary (Visual Arts)
By Paul Gough
The commemorative period between 2014 and 2018 was marked globally by numerous e…
Read more
Thematic
Children and Youth
By Andrew Donson
Mass conscription recast relationships in families, raised minors’ potential as …
Read more
Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen
By Stéphane Tison
The First World War ushered in an unprecedented wave of commemorations. Mass dea…
Read more
Thematic
Controversy: Total War
By Daniel Marc Segesser
Total war is a controversial term used in the past by politicians, publicists an…
Read more
Thematic
Extra-European Theatres of War
By Michelle Moyd
The extra-European theatres of World War I have received far less scholarly atte…
Read more
Thematic
Health, Disease, Mortality; Demographic Effects
By Doina Anca Cretu
The rapid spread of epidemics ravaged military personnel and civilians in and ou…
Read more
Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today
By Jay Winter
There have been four generations of historical writing about the 1914-1918 war. …
Read more
Thematic
Influenza Pandemic
By Howard Phillips
By examining the origins, pathways, demographic impact and consequences for the …
Read more
Thematic
League of Nations
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, the same day on which the L…
Read more
Thematic
Memory of the War: Popular Memory 1918-1945, 1945 to the Present
By Susanne Brandt
What role do representations of the First World War play in media that reach a w…
Read more
Thematic
Migration and Mobility
By Marlou Schrover
There is an ongoing debate among historians whether the First World War did in f…
Read more
Thematic
Military Justice
By Steven R. Welch
This essay offers a comparative survey of the practice of military justice among…
Read more
Thematic
Museums
By Jennifer Wellington, Aaron Cohen, Anne Hertzog, Susanne Brandt
This article describes the lives and afterlives of the First World War museums i…
Read more
Thematic
Mutilation and Disfiguration
By Julie Anderson
The First World War created disfigured and mutilated bodies on a grand scale. Ne…
Read more
Thematic
Photography
By Hilary Roberts
The First World War represents a watershed in the history of war photography. It…
Read more
Thematic
Post-war Economies
By Dietmar Rothermund
Post-war economies were beset with problems, ultimately leading to the Great Dep…
Read more
Thematic
Rural Society
By Matteo Ermacora
The paper describes the impact of war on peasantry and its mobilisation in the w…
Read more
Thematic
State, Civil Society and Relief Organizations for War
By Branden Little
A vast array of initiatives designed to counteract the destructiveness of the Fi…
Read more
Thematic
War Letters: Communication between Front and Home Front
By Martha Hanna
In nations where literacy was well-established by 1914, letter-writing was criti…
Read more
Thematic
Willingly to War. Public Response to the Outbreak of War
By Jean-Jacques Becker
It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in fav…
Read more
Thematic
Women’s Mobilization for War
By Susan R. Grayzel
This article explores women’s economic, social, and political responses to the F…
Read more
Thematic
Women War Reporters
By Stephanie Seul
Female war reporters from belligerent and neutral countries were present in the …
Read more
Filter search results by
Theme
Home Front
21
Media
18
Post-war
26
Power
12
Pre-war
4
Violence
20
show more
show less
Subject
administration, civil service
2
agriculture
4
air warfare
3
alliances, alliance systems
4
antisemitism
2
armament and weapons
7
armament policy
2
armistices
4
artillery
5
associations
8
banks and financial markets
3
battlefield tourism
10
battles, battlefields and campaigns
32
battles, battlefields and campaigns, Africa
2
battles, battlefields and campaigns, Balkan peninsula
16
battles, battlefields and campaigns, Eastern Front
5
battles, battlefields and campaigns, Italy
1
battles, battlefields and campaigns, Near and Middle East
15
battles, battlefields and campaigns, Western Front
26
battles, naval
2
battles, other
1
bereavement and mourning
11
black market, smuggling
1
border conflicts
1
cavalry
3
cemeteries and burials
10
censorship
11
chemical warfare
1
children and youth
11
civil wars
2
civil-military relations
4
claims
2
colonial labour
4
colonial labourers
3
colonial troops
14
colonialism, imperialism
24
combatants
27
command and control
16
command structures
2
commemoration, cult of the fallen
28
communication systems
2
communism, socialism
3
comunication technologies
1
conferences, conventions and congresses
4
conscientious objection
3
construction, military
1
controversies
4
courts
2
crime and discrimination
4
crimes, atrocities
2
crimes, atrocities, other
2
cult of sacrifice
6
culture
24
declarations
1
decoration, military
2
demobilisation
2
demobilisation, post-war
2
demography
29
desertion
4
diplomacy
2
discrimination
3
diseases
10
disobedience
7
disobedience, other forms
4
domestic mobilisation
10
domestic policy
21
economy
30
education
7
elections
5
embargoes
1
emotions
4
emotions, society
5
entering the war
6
epidemics
10
equipment and supplies
3
espionage
2
everyday life
2
everyday life, civilian war experience
33
family, generation
11
famine and starvation
4
farmers, peasants
1
fascism
2
femininity
8
film
7
film, documentary
2
food and nutrition
3
forced labour
2
foreign labour
1
foreign labourers
2
foreign lending
3
governments
22
hero cult
7
historiography
11
humanities
2
hygiene
3
images of the enemy
2
industry, other
2
infantry
10
inflation
7
inflation, post-war
2
injuries
4
institutions
27
intellectuals
3
intelligence services
1
intergovernmental organisations
3
international law
2
international relations
32
internment and POWs
7
interpretations of war
6
invalids
3
juvenile delinquency
1
killing and dying
4
labour
21
labour movements
2
law and legislation
5
League of Nations
7
leave
1
letters and diaries
13
literature and poetry
8
masculinity
9
medical services, military
10
medicine
1
memoirs and testimonies
11
memory and historiography
36
mental trauma
9
migration
1
militarism, political
2
military infrastructure
9
military law
2
military planning and recruitment
26
military sciences and technology
5
ministries and departments
3
minorities
6
minorities policy
7
mobilisation, economic
1
mobilisation, military
16
mobilisation, religious
4
mobilization, cultural
16
monarchy
3
mortality
5
motivations
3
museums, exhibitions
14
music
3
mutilations
3
mutiny
3
nation-building
8
national movements
2
nationalism, culture
2
nationalism, political
7
neutrality
3
news agencies
2
newspapers
14
nurses
8
occupation, military
3
occupation, society
3
officers
5
orphans
3
pacifism
5
parliaments
5
parties, conservative
1
parties, liberal
2
parties, nationalist
2
parties, other
3
parties, socialist
4
peace initiatives
1
peace movements
3
peace treaties
6
photography
9
political and social movements
11
political and social movements, other
1
political ideologies
17
politics, law
55
population, rural
6
population, urban
6
post-war conflicts
2
post-war economy
6
post-war moral values
2
post-war politics
18
post-war social conflicts
5
post-war society
23
press, journalism
15
private welfare
3
proclamations of new states
3
propaganda
10
propaganda, domestic
9
public opinion
11
racism, xenophobia
4
rationing and shortages
9
raw materials
3
recruitment
16
refugees
3
relief organisations
11
religion and ethics
11
religious institutions
8
remembrance days
20
reparations
5
resistance and revolutions
8
revolts, political
1
revolutions
6
riots, society
2
scares and rumours
3
science and technology
7
Second World War
11
self-mutilation
1
social conflict
12
social groups
18
social policy
2
society
56
soldiers, experiences and attitudes
19
strategies, military
3
strikes, political
2
strikes, society
11
submarine warfare
4
suffrage
4
surface warfare
4
symbolic politics
1
tactics, military
2
taxation
3
technical sciences
1
territorial questions
6
the media
33
theatre
3
theories, military
1
trade
4
trade unions
7
training and education, military
3
transport
1
transport, logistics and infrastructure
1
trauma and medical care
21
treaties and agreements, other
1
trench warfare
5
trials
2
unemployment, during and after war
7
upper classes
3
venereal diseases
3
veterans
18
visual arts
8
volunteers
13
wages
8
war aims
3
war correspondents
5
war economy
12
war fatigue
1
war finance
9
war industry
2
war legislation
1
war losses, civilian
6
war losses, military
23
war monuments, war memorials
20
war myths
8
warfare and the military
68
warfare, air
3
warfare, land
6
warfare, naval
7
wars after war
12
widows
4
women and men
12
women's labour
7
women's movements
6
working classes
5
show more
show less
Region
Afghanistan
2
Africa
12
Argentina
1
Australasia
84
Australia
66
Austria
5
Austria-Hungary
16
Belgium
13
Brazil
2
Bulgaria
3
Burma
1
Canada
21
Central Europe
28
China
6
Czechoslovakia
2
East and Central Africa
3
East Asia
11
Eastern Europe
21
Ecuador
1
Egypt
2
Finland
1
France
26
Germany
27
Great Britain
23
Great Britain and Ireland
28
Greece
3
Hungary
2
India
1
Indochina
2
Iraq
2
Ireland
5
Italy
16
Japan
8
Korea
2
Latin America
4
Lithuania
2
Luxembourg
1
Micronesia
3
Middle East
11
New Guinea
1
New Zealand
35
Newfoundland
6
North America
28
Northern Africa
2
Norway
1
Ottoman Empire
8
Palestine
1
Poland
4
Portugal
3
Romania
3
Russian Empire
20
Serbia
4
South America
3
South and South East Asia
10
South East Europe
8
Southern Africa
3
Spain
1
Sweden
1
Switzerland
2
Syria
2
The Netherlands
2
Union of South Africa
7
USA
22
West Africa
3
Western Europe
31
Yugoslavia
1
show more
show less
Type
Concepts, Practices and Policies
2
Objects
2
Organizations
1
Persons
3
Regional Thematic Article
45
Spaces
2
Survey Article (Regional)
2
Survey Article (Thematic)
27
show more
show less