The article surveys the social and military history of Austria-Hungary during th…
87 Results
Survey Articles (Regional)
Regional
Austria-Hungary
By Pieter M. Judson
Regional Thematic Articles
Regional Thematic
Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Austria-Hungary)
By Richard Lein
Since the end of World War One it has generally been accepted that the collapse …
Regional Thematic
Centenary (Austria)
By Stefan Wedrac
While for the official Austrian state it was in some ways an uneasy task to comm…
Regional Thematic
Food and Nutrition (Austria-Hungary)
By Ernst Langthaler
Food became a scarce – and thus decisive – resource for the Habsburg Empire’s wa…
Regional Thematic
Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Austria)
By John W. Boyer
The closing of the parliament in Vienna in spring 1914 led to the consolidation …
Regional Thematic
Historiography 1918-Today (Austria-Hungary)
By Hannes Leidinger
Apart from a few brief words regarding the relevant scientific work of internati…
Regional Thematic
Labour, Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Austria-Hungary)
By Jakub Beneš
The First World War was a period of repression and severe privation in Austria-H…
Regional Thematic
Literature (Austria-Hungary)
By Monika Szczepaniak
This article considers the links between Austrian literature and the First World…
Regional Thematic
Occupation during and after the War (Austria-Hungary)
By Wolfram Dornik
While on the Western Front there were only limited territorial movements, the Ea…
Regional Thematic
Organization of War Economies (Austria-Hungary)
By Felix Butschek
This article describes the structure and development of the Austro-Hungarian war…
Regional Thematic
Post-war Economies (Austria-Hungary)
By Walter M. Iber
The Austrian economy went through several phases in the interwar period, beginni…
Regional Thematic
Press/Journalism (Austria-Hungary)
By Petronilla Ehrenpreis
The undisputed superiority of the Western Powers, above all Great Britain in the…
Regional Thematic
Pre-war Military Planning (Austria-Hungary)
By Günther Kronenbitter
Austria-Hungary’s General Staff enjoyed a monopoly on war planning. Its long-tim…
Regional Thematic
Prisoners of War (Austria-Hungary)
By Verena Moritz, Julia Walleczek-Fritz
The following article offers an overview of the central fields of research conce…
Regional Thematic
Revolutions (Austria-Hungary)
By Hannes Leidinger
The following pages - focusing on the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the in…
Regional Thematic
Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (Austria-Hungary)
By Maureen Healy, Dana Bronson, Musa Jemal
This essay traces the experience on the plural home fronts of the Habsburg Empir…
Regional Thematic
War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Austria-Hungary)
By Samuel R. Williamson, Jr.
In July 1914 the Habsburg monarchy went to war with Serbia declaring it sought n…
Regional Thematic
War Finance (Austria-Hungary)
By Ágnes Pogány
The article presents a new estimate of the war costs and an overview of war fina…
Regional Thematic
War Losses (Austria-Hungary)
By Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik
Estimates of the total losses of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces range from 1.…
Encyclopedic Entries
Entry
Adler, Victor
By Jakub Beneš
Until his death in 1918, Victor Adler was the most prominent Austrian socialist …
Entry
Austro-Hungarian Enemy Aliens (USA)
By Nicole M. Phelps
Austrian and Hungarian citizens working in war-related industries were exempt fr…
Entry
Automobile Industry (Austria-Hungary)
By Walter Blasi
The Austro-Hungarian automotive industry and the necessary equipment for militar…
Entry
Ballhausplatz
By William D. Godsey
The Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Imperial and Royal House and of Foreign A…
Entry
Bauer, Otto
By Jakub Beneš
Otto Bauer was a leading Austro-Marxist and socialist politician who served duri…
Entry
Berchtold, Leopold Graf
By Samuel R. Williamson, Jr.
Graf Leopold Berchtold, Habsburg foreign minister from 1912 to 1915, was confron…
Entry
Cattaro, Mutiny of
By Paul Lenormand
The mutiny of the sailors on Cattaro, the Austrian-Hungarian Navy Base, occurred…
Entry
Charles I, Emperor of Austria
By Robert Rill
In his youth, the archduke was introduced to the idea of federalism by Archduke …
Entry
Concept of Mitteleuropa
By Maciej Górny
Friedrich Naumann’s Mitteleuropa (1915) was a liberal voice in the largely illib…
Entry
Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Xaver Josef Graf
By Claudia Reichl-Ham
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf was an Austrian officer and Chief of the General Sta…
Entry
Czernin, Ottokar Graf
By Robert Rill
Ottokar Graf Czernin was an Austrian politician and the minister of foreign affa…
Entry
Expanding Bullets
By Paul Cornish
During the First World War both sides accused each other of employing illegal sm…
Entry
Fear
By Jan Plamper
Of the two world wars, the First World War was special in that fear figured prom…
Entry
Feminist Pacifism
By Annika Wilmers
A minority section of the women’s movements opposed World War I and organized th…
Entry
Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria
By Lothar Höbelt
Under the terms of the 1867 constitution, Francis Joseph retained his prerogativ…
Entry
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este
By Paul Miller
This biographical overview of Archduke Franz Ferdinand examines the evolution of…
Entry
Freud, Sigmund
By Maciej Górny
Sigmund Freud, the founding father of psychoanalysis, expressed a war-weariness …
Entry
Germany's Blank Cheque to Austria-Hungary
By William Mulligan
Germany’s offer of unconditional support to its Austro-Hungarian ally in July 19…
Entry
Kraus, Karl
By Ari Linden
Karl Kraus was one of the 20th century’s most significant satirists. While his p…
Entry
Markl Internment Camp
By Reinhard Mundschütz
During the years 1915 to 1918 in the internment camp in Markl (Windigsteig), in …
Entry
Mediterranean Theater, Naval Operations
By Paul G. Halpern
The real naval war in the Mediterranean turned out to be a struggle against Germ…
Entry
Musil, Robert
By Oliver Pfohlmann
The Austrian writer Robert Musil served as a soldier throughout the entire perio…
Entry
Prochaska Affair
By Richard C. Hall
The Prochaska Affair was a diplomatic dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia…
Entry
Redl, Alfred
By Günther Kronenbitter
On 25 May 1913 Colonel Alfred Redl, the former head of Austria-Hungary’s militar…
Entry
Renner, Karl
By Paul Dvorak
Karl Renner quickly became one of the main theoreticians of a policy of support …
Entry
Roth, Joseph
By Ilse Josepha Lazaroms
Joseph Roth was a Jewish writer and journalist. His experiences at the Eastern F…
Entry
Ruggera, Camillo
By Nicola Fontana
Camillo Ruggera was an officer of the General Staff in the Austro-Hungarian army…
Entry
Saint-Germain, Treaty of
By Peter Haslinger
The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed by Austria and twenty-seven Allied and as…
Entry
Sanjak of Novi Pazar
By Tamara Scheer
Although sanjak usually means any one of many Ottoman administrative units, one …
Entry
Sarkotić von Lovćen, Stephan Freiherr
By Marc Stefan Peters
Stephan Baron von Sarkotić was an Austro-Hungarian general who had already made …
Entry
Schalek, Alice
By Christian Rapp
This article deals with the activities of journalist and photographer Alice Scha…
Entry
Sixtus Affair
By Robert Rill
The Sixtus Affair was the failed attempt by Emperor Charles I. of Austria and hi…
Entry
Smoking and Cigarette Consumption
By Michael Reeve
During the First World War, governments, civilians and soldiers alike prized smo…
Entry
Stormtrooper
By Ralf Raths
Storm troopers were soldiers in specialized assault units, which emerged in the …
Entry
Stürgkh, Karl Graf
By Martin Moll
Karl Graf von Stürgkh was an Austrian member of the Imperial Council, Minister f…
Entry
Suttner, Bertha von
By Laurie Cohen
Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905. She wr…
Entry
The Last Days of Mankind (play)
By Ari Linden
The Last Days of Mankind (Die letzten Tage der Menschheit) is the major work by …
Entry
The Man without Qualities (novel)
By Walter Fanta
Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man without Qualities) is a novel by Robert Mu…
Entry
Trialism
By Mateusz Drozdowski
Before and at the beginning of World War I, various proposals concerning the cre…
Entry
Trianon, Treaty of
By Miklós Zeidler
The Treaty of Trianon is one of the Paris peace treaties that ended the First Wo…
Entry
Viribus Unitis, SMS
By Walter Blasi
The Austro-Hungarian battleship Viribus Unitis was commissioned in reaction to t…
Entry
Vorarlberg Referendum
By Wolfgang Weber
The latter Austrian Land Vorarlberg saw the rise of a grass root movement for a …
Entry
War Archives (Austria-Hungary)
By Christoph Tepperberg
The War Archives (Kriegsarchiv), centre of the official historiography of the Im…
Entry
War Press Office (Austria-Hungary)
By Christoph Tepperberg
The War Press Office, or Kriegspressequartier (KPQ) was the central propaganda i…
Entry
War Requirement Acts
By Ágnes Pogány
The War Requirements Acts were passed in Austria-Hungary in 1912. They placed mi…
Entry
War Surveillance Office (Austria-Hungary)
By Tamara Scheer
During the First World War, Austria-Hungary implemented a state of emergency wit…
Entry
Wiener Philharmoniker (Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra)
By Akeo Okada
The Vienna Philharmonic, a music institution typical of the high bourgeoisie bef…
See Also
Thematic
Antisemitism
By Werner Bergmann, Ulrich Wyrwa
The First World War and its direct repercussions in the postwar period (revoluti…
Thematic
Atrocities
By Alan Kramer
The term "atrocity" describes an act of violence condemned by contemporaries as …
Thematic
Bereavement and Mourning
By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz
In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …
Thematic
Caricatures
By Eberhard Demm
This article presents cartoonists as patriotic propagandists mobilizing their pe…
Thematic
Centenary (Internet)
By Lorna M. Hughes, Ian G. Anderson
The centenary events surrounding the First World War have produced a significant…
Thematic
Centenary (Libraries)
By Matthew Shaw
Libraries (local, specialist, and national) contributed in numerous and importan…
Thematic
Centenary (Museums)
By Andrea Brait
This article discusses how European museums – in particular, national war museum…
Thematic
Civilian and Military Power
By Lawrence Sondhaus
By 1914 the leading states had succumbed to varying degrees of militarism, subor…
Thematic
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen
By Stéphane Tison
The First World War ushered in an unprecedented wave of commemorations. Mass dea…
Thematic
Controversy: The Media's Responsibility for Crises and Conflicts in the Age of Imperialism
By Peter Geiss
The article discusses the role of the media in the complex international process…
Thematic
Literature
By David Budgen
This article seeks to present an overview of First World War literature across m…
Thematic
Media Discourse after the War
By André Keil
The discourse about the Great War during the interwar period was shaped by numer…
Thematic
Medicine and Medical Service
By Leo van Bergen
It is impossible to talk about “the” medical care or “the” medical service of Wo…
Thematic
Moral Norms and Values
By Gearóid Barry
Change and continuity marked belligerent societies’ norms and values during the …
Thematic
Pacifism
By David S. Patterson
The idea of peace in total war may seem irrelevant, but pacifism, or peace activ…
Thematic
Post-war Welfare Policies
By Pierluigi Pironti
The Great War gave new impulses to the further development of public welfare sys…
Thematic
Propaganda at home and abroad
By Eberhard Demm
This article summarizes and compares the principal arguments and strategies of p…
Thematic
Staging War. Theatre 1914-1918
By Eva Krivanec
From 1914 to 1918, theatres in all major European cities staged plays – comedies…
Thematic
The Churches
By Patrick J. Houlihan
Reflecting current historiography, this article focuses primarily on Christian c…
Thematic
The Military Collapse of the Central Powers
By Graydon A. Tunstall
October 1918 witnessed the collapse of the German and Austro-Hungarian armies, b…
Thematic
Women War Reporters
By Stephanie Seul
Female war reporters from belligerent and neutral countries were present in the …
