Regions Romania

Survey Articles (Regional)

• Romania

  By Harald Heppner and Rudolf Gräf

  

  World War I afforded the first opportunity for modern Romania to participate in a war which had a larger than regional horizon (South East Europe). The most important reason for participation was … READ MORE

  Regional

Regional Thematic Articles

• Bereavement and Mourning (South East Europe)

  By Olga Manojlovic Pintar

  

  The Great War impacted the lives of almost every family in South East Europe. Unable to properly mourn the bodies of their loved ones who died at the front far from home, survivors combined … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Centenary (Romania)

  By Florin Țurcanu

  The centenary of the end of the Great War was celebrated in Romania as the “Centenary of the Great Union” of 1918 and an official program to commemorate this event was deployed both on national … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Civilian and Military Power (South East Europe)

  By John Paul Newman

  

  In pre-war South East Europe, both civilian and military powers focused on the creation of independent national states and the reclamation of imperial ''irredenta''. This goal, aggressively pursued, … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (South East Europe)

  By Danilo Šarenac

  

  The article examines the main characteristics of commemorative processes which took place after the First World War in several countries in South East Europe. In many cases, the citizens of future … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Film/Cinema (South East Europe)

  By Radina Vučetić

  This article offers a synthetic picture of the presence of World War I motifs in South-Eastern European cinema. It also offers an overview of the filmography of World War I and some conclusions about … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Occupation during and after the War (Austria-Hungary)

  By Wolfram Dornik

  

  While on the Western Front there were only limited territorial movements, the Eastern Front and warfare in southeastern Europe, including parts of Italy, had all the characteristics of mobile … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Occupation during and after the War (South East Europe)

  By Milan Ristović

  

  The occupation of South East Europe 1915-1918 had a complex structure reflecting different and often conflicting territorial claims and goals. In the fall of 1915 Serbia was divided into … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Post-war Economies (South East Europe)

  By Ian Innerhofer

  

  The First World War devastated the human workforce through death and invalidity and caused a massive destruction of infrastructure and material in South East Europe. Its economies underwent a major … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Pre-war Military Planning (South East Europe)

  By Dmitar Tasić

  

  Nations of South East Europe had just ended a short but very intense period of war when, one by one, they became involved in global conflict. Some were forced in while others were attracted by … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Prisoners of War and Internees (South East Europe)

  By Bogdan Trifunović

  

  This article analyzes the treatment and living conditions of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian internees from Serbia, Montenegro and Romania in Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian and German camps during … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Propaganda at Home and in Exile (South East Europe)

  By Samuel Foster

  

  This article explores the nature of propaganda in those South East European states and territories that participated in the First World War, specifically Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• War Aims and War Aims Discussions (South East Europe)

  By Mile Bjelajac

  

  This article offers a survey of the main currents in South East Europe in regard to the war aims of the belligerents from 1914. Some war aims had deep roots in the pre-war years. The author puts … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Warfare 1914-1918 (South East Europe)

  By Dmitar Tasić

  

  The main intention of this article is to chronologically present major events on the battlegrounds of South East Europe in the Great War and to demonstrate how it actually represented a continuation … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Women's Mobilization for War (South East Europe)

  By Božica Mladenović

  

  This article presents the role of women in South East Europe during World War I (1914-1918). Changing circumstances forced women to live behind the frontlines in wartime. Because men involved in the … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

Encyclopedic Entries

• Balkan Wars 1912-1913

  By Richard C. Hall

  

  The Balkan Wars were two sharp conflicts that heralded the onset of World War I. In the First Balkan War a loose alliance of Balkan States eliminated the Ottoman Empire from most of Europe. In the … READ MORE

  Entry

• Brătianu, Ion I.C.

  By Daniel Cain

  

  Liberal Prime Minister Ionel Brătianu led the charge to transform Romania's foreign policy, after three decades on the same side with the Triple … READ MORE

  Entry

• Carol I, King of Romania

  By Daniel Cain

  

  For three decades Romania’s foreign policy depended almost entirely upon King Carol I’s will. The secret alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary was his sole political project. His death, which … READ MORE

  Entry

• Ionescu, Dumitru

  By Daniel Cain

  

  A Romanian politician, Dumitru Ionescu, commonly known as Take Ionescu, was considered by his contemporaries to be one of the most erudite statesmen in Eastern Europe. He was one of the main … READ MORE

  Entry

See also

• Alliance System 1914

  By Günther Kronenbitter

  

  Alliances were an important feature of the international system on the eve of World War I. The formation of rival blocs of Great Powers has previously considered a major cause of the outbreak of war … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Antisemitism

  By Werner Bergmann and Ulrich Wyrwa

  

  The First World War and its direct repercussions in the postwar period (revolution, counterrevolution, the founding of republics, and the Paris peace treaties) mark a profound caesura not only in the … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Centenary (Internet)

  By Lorna M. Hughes and Ian G. Anderson

  The centenary events surrounding the First World War have produced a significant amount of digital content in various forms, and thus has set a precedent for how large scale post-war memorisation can … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Health, Disease, Mortality; Demographic Effects

  By Doina Anca Cretu

  The rapid spread of epidemics ravaged military personnel and civilians in and outside Europe’s warzones during the Great War. Further, the great influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 became a global … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Nationalism

  By John Paul Newman

  

  This article offers an overview of the progress of nationalism and the national idea starting with its origins as a mass political programme during the French Revolution and tracing its passage up to … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Occupation during the War

  By Gustavo Corni

  

  After an initial wave of interest in 1914 and the immediate post-war period, international historiography long neglected the wartime occupation of territories inhabited by large civilian populations. … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Resettlement

  By Peter Gatrell

  

  The conduct of warfare in 1914-1918 included extensive population resettlement in all theatres of war in Europe, both as a result of pre-emptive decisions by civilians to flee in order to evade the … READ MORE

  Thematic

• The Paris Peace Conference and its Consequences

  By Alan Sharp

  

  This article offers an overview of peacemaking after the First World War from the armistices of 1918 until 1923. It considers the outcomes of the five Parisian treaties (Versailles, Saint-Germain and … READ MORE

  Thematic

• War in the Balkans

  By Richard C. Hall

  

  The Balkan Wars erupted in South Eastern Europe in October 1912. Fighting continued intermittently in the region until July 1914. As the First World War expanded into much of Europe, fighting … READ MORE

  Thematic

• War Losses

  By Antoine Prost

  

  Military sources provide the primary statistics of war losses and casualties during World War I. In order to review and eventually revise their figures, one must understand how military statistics … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Willingly to War. Public Response to the Outbreak of War

  By Jean-Jacques Becker

  

  It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in favour of the war in 1914. The impact of modern weapons was not well understood and many people in the government, … READ MORE

  Thematic