Regions Sweden

Survey Articles (Regional)

• Sweden

  By Sofi Qvarnström

  

  For Sweden, the impact of the war was twofold. On the one hand, it was a test to the neutrality policy. Concessions and violations of neutrality got consequences for both foreign affairs and the … READ MORE

  Regional

Regional Thematic Articles

• Domestic Politics and Neutrality (Sweden)

  By Anne Hedén

  

  This article focuses on how the Swedish neutrality policy during the First World War became a contentious topic''' '''in Swedish domestic politics. The food crisis in 1916–1917, social disquiet in … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Exile and Migration (Sweden)

  By Karin Kvist Geverts

  Migration to and from Sweden has always occurred, but since emigration was larger than immigration, there was no need for immigration control. The outbreak of the war changed that. Although few … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Film/Cinema (Sweden)

  By Ulf Zander

  

  Sweden succeeded in remaining a non-combatant through the First World War. However, the conflict affected the nation in many ways, for example in terms of film production and film consumption. The … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Foreign Policy (Sweden)

  By Gunnar Åselius

  

  Until 1917, Swedish neutrality was characterized by a certain “benevolence” towards Germany. Eventually, pressure from food shortages and social unrest, following the government’s reluctance to … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Humanitarianism (Sweden)

  By Lina Sturfelt

  

  This article offers an overview of Swedish transnational humanitarianism from 1914-1924. First, it sets Swedish wartime humanitarianism within the framework of benevolent Nordic neutrality. It … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Intelligence and Espionage (Sweden)

  By Wilhelm Agrell

  Intelligence activities in Sweden during the war were largely influenced by the same set of factors as in other neutral countries. Due to relative accessibility and limited surveillance, Sweden was a … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Making Sense of the War (Sweden)

  By Anne Hedén

  

  This text gives a brief overview of the Swedish intellectual, literary and media responses to the war, and also of the Swedish responses to the new peacetime order in Europe. By the end of 1918, … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Military and Strategy (Sweden)

  By Gunnar Åselius

  

  The Russian navy was suspicious of Swedish neutrality in 1914, as Sweden had been arming itself for many years, and almost unwittingly dragged the country into the war. Russia was seen as the main … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Wartime and Post-war Economies (Sweden)

  By Henric Häggqvist

  

  World War I had devastating effects on many European economies. Even a neutral country such as Sweden couldn’t completely escape this fact, finding itself no better off economically as a result of … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

• Wartime and Post-war Societies (Sweden)

  By Lina Sturfelt

  

  The First World War and its aftermath had a profound and enduring impact on Swedish society. As a neutral state, Sweden did not have to deal with the vast consequences of mass death and destruction, … READ MORE

  Regional Thematic

Encyclopedic Entries

• Brändström, Elsa

  By Lena Radauer

  

  Elsa Brändström was the only neutral representative to work amongst prisoners of war (POWs) in Russia, Siberia, and Turkestan for five and a half years between winter between winter 1914 and summer … READ MORE

  Entry

• Feminist Pacifism

  By Annika Wilmers

  

  A minority section of the women’s movements opposed World War I and organized the International Congress of Women at The Hague in April 1915. Its participants demanded women’s rights and more … READ MORE

  Entry

• Ideologies of Sport

  By Ansgar Molzberger and Stephan Wassong

  

  At the beginning of the 20^th century, two different systems of exercise and training were internationally known: gymnastics and sport. As a result of the First World War, the boundaries … READ MORE

  Entry

• Neutrality

  By Samuël Kruizinga

  

  During the 19^th century, neutrality evolved into a set of legal and political tools designed to limit the impact of wars on the international system. This form of neutrality did not … READ MORE

  Entry

• Stockholm Conference

  By Elisa Marcobelli

  

  The Stockholm Conference, or Third Zimmerwald Conference, was held from 5 to 12 September 1917. The subject of the discussions was the way in which a certain part of the socialist movement conceived … READ MORE

  Entry

See also

• Governments, Parliaments and Parties

  By Torsten Oppelland

  

  One sees a wide range of political regimes from a democratic republic with universal male suffrage (France) to parliamentary, constitutional, or even oligarchical monarchies in the countries that … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Negotiating and Mediating Conduct of War

  By Matthew Stibbe

  

  Many issues surrounding the conduct of war in the years 1914-1918 were impervious to international negotiation or mediation, due either to a complete lack of consensus or to an absence of trust and … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Red Cross

  By Cédric Cotter

  

  National Red Cross societies played a very important role in the First World War. They supported armies’ medical services, brought relief to prisoners of war and sometimes organized their … READ MORE

  Thematic

• Women War Reporters

  By Stephanie Seul

  

  Female war reporters from belligerent and neutral countries were present in the major war theatres in Europe and the Middle East throughout 1914 to 1918. While admission of journalists to the war … READ MORE

  Thematic